Winter pruning technique of fruiting mother branch of grape which is easy to flow too early and easy to flow late

The suitable time for winter cutting of grapes is from the first ten days of November to the middle of February of the following year, that is, from 2-3 weeks after defoliation to 3-4 weeks before the occurrence of spring injury. Pruning too early will affect the return of nutrients; too late, it is easy to cause bleeding. Bleeding will affect the germination of bud eyes and affect the growth and fruit. In this paper, the winter cutting techniques of grape fruit mother vine are introduced as follows:

Grape winter shears

1. Cutting length: when pruning, the remaining branches are generally selected for full growth, good maturity, proper position, disease-free, insect-free and no residual branches, which are required to be cut at 1-1.5cm on the bud. The shearing length of branches is based on the number of buds left. It is generally divided into short shoot pruning (1-4 nodes of the mother branch), middle shoot pruning (5-7 nodes), long shoot pruning (more than 8 nodes) and mixed pruning (long, middle and short shoots). When pruning, we should also consider the differences in the characteristics of grape varieties, the growth strength of branches and the way of shaping. Such as rose fragrance, short shoot pruning, high fruit setting rate, ear more compact, uniform, and Jufeng, longan grape, flower node high, it is appropriate to use the middle shoot, long shoot-based pruning method.

Under the same conditions, the sturdy and nutritious branches should be properly long, the flower buds in the lower part of the weak branches should be well differentiated, and the flower buds should be cut short; the extended branches should be long, and the reserve branches should be cut short; the grid is multi-main fan-shaped pruning, mainly long and middle shoots or mixed pruning of long shoots, middle shoots and short shoots; dragon stem pruning, mainly short shoot pruning In the barren soil, lack of fertilizer and water, and thousands of dry areas, short shoot pruning is the main method. In a word, the pruning method of branches with different growth conditions on a certain kind or a plant should be flexible, or the mixed pruning method of long shoot, middle shoot and short shoot should be applied.

Second, the quantity of cut and retention: in addition to the definite length of cut and retention of grape winter, the quantity of cut should also be considered. If the number of mother vines is small, the yield will be affected by insufficient branches in the following year; if there is too much cutting, the branches will be dense and crowded, the load will be large, the light will be insufficient, the flowers and fruits will fall seriously, and the overwintering and yield will be affected.

The length and quantity of winter shears should be determined according to the variety, soil, fertilizer, water, etc., according to the planned yield, the total number of fruiting mother branches in the whole garden and the number of fruiting mother branches per plant. This can not only ensure the yield, but also make the grape plant grow strong and produce high yield year after year. The general high-yield garden has about 1000 branches per mu. The arrangement of the branch group should be uniform, the reserve branches should be kept, and the double branch renewal method or single branch renewal method should be used to maintain the growth potential and rotation results of the branch group, so as to ensure a stable and continuous yield.

Third, the position and direction of the cut: the pith of the grape fruit vine is large, the tissue is loose, and the water is easy to evaporate, so when pruning, the cut should be 2-4 cm away from the bud, so as to prevent the increase of dry and withered branches caused by water evaporation; the cut should be chosen as far as possible on the opposite side of the bud.

Fourth, post-cutting treatment: after winter cutting, the grapes should be combined with scaffolding maintenance to pull the upward growing mother branches into a horizontal direction, which can promote the sprouting of new vines and multiple fruits in the basal bud eyes. It is necessary to remove the withered branches, fallen leaves, rotten fruits and intercrops from the garden and concentrate on burning them.