Control methods of multiple diseases, insect pests and weeds on sweet potato in its lifetime

Sweet potato is one of the main cultivated traditional crops. The main diseases and pests in sweet potato life are black spot, soft rot, stem nematode, sweet potato armyworm, Spodoptera litura, bridge insects, grubs and other underground pests. In order to obtain high yield and high yield of sweet potato, many kinds of diseases, insect pests and weeds should be controlled comprehensively and their harm should be controlled effectively.

Sweet potato seedling

First, seedling stage: the object of prevention and control in this stage is black spot and stem nematode disease.

The main results are as follows: 1. To establish disease-free field and select disease-resistant and disease-resistant varieties. Great efforts should be made to develop virus-free sweet potatoes and plant disease-resistant varieties, such as Xuzhou 18, Wanshu 1, 3, Lushu 6, 7, Beijing 553, etc.

2. Cultivate strong seedlings without disease and insect pests. The disease-free field was selected as the seedling bed, and the disease-free potato was used to raise seedlings. Before raising seedlings, select disease-free potato species and strictly eliminate black spot disease, stem nematode disease, injured potato and frozen potato. Before raising seedlings, soak potato pieces in 52-54 ℃ warm water for 10 minutes to kill viruses, nematodes and so on.

3. Soaking and spraying seeds with chemicals. The seeds can be soaked or sprayed with a mixture of 1000 times of 40% isosalidophos and 40 times of carbendazim or 1500 times of thiophanate methyl.

Second, seedling stage: in this period, the control of diseases and insect pests are sweet potato black spot, stem nematode disease, underground pests and grass pests.

1. High shearing seedlings were used. That is, when cutting seedlings, it should be carried out at the place where 30cm leaves the seedling bed to prevent black spot disease and nematode disease of potato seedlings.

2. Taro seedlings were treated with chemicals. The seedlings can be soaked in the mixture of 1000 times of 50% carbendazim and 40% isofenophos. For the serious area of stem nematode disease, the seedling hole can be treated with 5% stem line Ling granule 1-1.5 kg per mu. For the reoccurrence area of underground pests, before planting seedlings, 15-25 kg of ammonium bicarbonate and farm manure are mixed into the plough bottom, which can kill more than 80% of underground pests, and can also be mixed well with 15 kg wheat bran and 250 g phoxim pesticides, and scattered in the ridge with farm manure. The control effect is very good.

3. Do a good job of chemical weeding. After seedling planting, 200-300 grams of Acetochlor per mu were sprayed in time, and the weeds were not weeded within 1 week after spraying.

Third, the growth period: this period is mainly to control sweet potato armyworm, Spodoptera litura and bridge insects.

1. Light the lamp to trap and kill. The phototaxis of adults were used to trap and kill to reduce the source of insects in the field. During the peak period of moths, black lights can be used to trap and kill adults.

2. Use pesticides scientifically and do a good job in chemical control. Can use 50 grams of enemies to kill or 100 grams of 80% dichlorvos plus 50 kg of water spray to control sweet potato armyworm, Spodoptera litura, bridge insects and other hazards.

In addition, we should combine sweet potatoes, pick up overwintering pupae during winter ploughing and ridging, and artificially capture and kill insects during the larval peak period.