Key points of management of artificial pollination and prevention of fruit cracking in flowering and fruiting stage of big cherry

The key to improve the yield and quality of big cherry lies in the management of big cherry blossoms and fruits. The management measures of flowering and fruit stage of big cherry mainly include pollination, thinning flowers and fruits, preventing fruit cracking and so on.

Cherry artificial pollination

1 artificial pollination: artificial pollination can increase the fruit setting rate and yield of cherries. Artificial pollination mainly includes the following steps:

Pollen was collected by ①. In the early flowering stage, the bell flowers were collected, the anthers were removed and dried at 24 ℃. After about 12 ℃, the anthers could give off pollen, and the pollen was collected and prepared. The effect of multi-variety mixed pollen was better.

② pollination method. There are mainly manual pollination and spray pollination. The most common method of artificial tapping is to dip the pollen with a brush or rubber head and place it on the pistil stigma. The other is to bind soft objects such as Styrofoam balls and clean gauze at the top of wooden sticks or bamboo poles and gently roll among different kinds of flowers to achieve the purpose of pollination. Spray pollination has the advantages of less labor, good effect and high technical requirements. Spray pollination should pay attention to the proportion of pollen, sucrose, borax and water. Pollen is about 2 ‰, sucrose is about 10%, and borax is about 1 ‰. Generally, the satisfactory pollination effect can be obtained by spraying pollen suspension once at full flowering stage.

Releasing bees at flowering stage is also a good pollination method. Honeybees and wallbees are two kinds of commonly used pollination insects; honeybees begin to pollinate at 18 ℃ and begin pollination at more than 20 ℃; concave-lipped wallbees begin to leave their nests at 12 ℃, visit and pollinate flowers, and are less affected by overcast, rain and low temperature. Therefore, big cherry is more suitable to use concave lip wall bee pollination to avoid the effect of low temperature in early spring.

2 Prevention of fruit cracking: before harvest, due to rainfall, watering, fog and so on, the pulp cells of big cherries absorb water rapidly and expand rapidly, but the physiological activity of peel cells is slow, when the swelling pressure of cherries increases to more than the pressure that the peel and pulp cell wall can bear, it will cause fruit cracking. Pre-harvest fruit cracking is also often related to cherry calcium deficiency. Therefore, calcium supplement is an important measure to prevent cherry fruit cracking. Calcium supplement method: from 2 weeks after anthesis, about every 10 days sprayed 300 times 500 times amino acid calcium, a total of 2 times 3 times, can reduce fruit cracking.