Field Management of Potato planted in Changchun by Intertilling, weeding, topdressing and watering

Potato weeding

1. Ploughing, weeding and soil cultivation:

The time, times and methods of cultivating soil in potato cultivation should depend on the local cultivation system, climate and soil conditions. In the northern one-season planting area, 3-5cm covering soil with rake light rake ridge surface for 15 days after spring sowing can preserve soil moisture, raise temperature, eliminate weeds and promote early seedling emergence. Mid-tillage weeding and soil cultivation is generally carried out for 2 or 3 times, that is, the first time after finishing seedlings, but when spring drought is serious, it is appropriate to cultivate soil late in shallow tillage to reduce soil water evaporation; the second time is in the bud stage, intertillage should be thickened and soil should be thickened to promote the formation of stolons; the last time before ridge closure, shallow and middle ploughing and high soil cultivation should be carried out to prevent potato pieces from being exposed to the surface. Finally, the ridge is as high as 15-20cm and cultivated into a wide and high ridge. For the dry land in the potato planting area in one season, the soil should be cultivated as soon as the rainy season begins; the potato is covered with plastic film, and the seedling is broken and released in time after emergence, and the broken film is sealed with soil, and when the seedling height is about 10cm, take off the film and cultivate the soil.

Herbicides such as Dupont Bao can also be used to control broad-leaved weeds, grasses and sedges before and after potato seedlings. Herbicides should be used early. The best application period is weed 2-4 leaf stage, 5-6 grams per mu. First mix the medicine into the mother liquor, fully dissolve it, then pour it into the sprayer, then add neutral detergent according to 0.2% of the spray volume, and spray evenly.

2. Topdressing:

Potato likes fertilizer and high yield, and is sensitive to fertilizer. Timely and appropriate amount of fertilizer can increase yield. Topdressing should be carried out according to the law of potato fertilizer demand and seedling condition, early rather than late, and less rather than more. It is generally applied before flowering, early-maturing varieties at seedling stage and mid-late-maturing varieties at budding stage. Nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are mainly applied, phosphate fertilizer and micro-fertilizer are added, and nitrogen fertilizer should not be applied after flowering. Topdressing can be done by ditch application, hole application, foliar spraying, and soil topdressing combined with intertillage irrigation. Generally speaking, the first topdressing is carried out after the second ploughing and before the irrigation of the first water. Early-maturing varieties began to be fertilized at seedling height 10cm, mid-late-maturing varieties should be heavily fertilized at budding and flowering stage, and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution could be sprayed if potatoes aged prematurely in the later growth stage. When the drought is serious, the amount of chemical fertilizer should be reduced so as not to burn roots or lose fertilizer efficiency. The amount of topdressing is different due to soil fertility, planting density and variety type, which should be determined according to the specific situation.

3. Watering:

Although potato is more drought-resistant than other crops, it is sensitive to water and needs a lot of water during the whole growth period. As far as the current level is concerned, furrow irrigation is better, but it is necessary to loosen the soil in time and increase the soil permeability. Irrigation to the ridge height of 1 stroke 2 is appropriate, the highest ridge height should not exceed 2 stroke 3, do not flood irrigation. The current mechanized sprinkler irrigation technology can save water resources and improve water use efficiency, and it is not easy to form soil consolidation, but water droplets can be formed on the leaf surface, which is easy to cause the spread of diseases such as late blight, so fungicides should be sprayed in time after irrigation. Drip irrigation can make good use of limited water sources, reduce soil erosion and evaporation, and adjust the amount of chemical fertilizer according to the needs of different growth stages of potatoes, which can be dissolved in water and supplied directly to the roots, but the facilities are expensive and easy to salinize the soil. it is often used in greenhouse or net shed production.

4. Control the growth of apprentices:

Such as high planting density of potato, improper management of water and fertilizer, excessive watering or partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, it is easy to cause crazy growth. The main performance is that the growth of stem and leaf is too prosperous, the stem node becomes longer, the stem is thin and weak, the leaf is thin and large, the leaf color is yellow and green, the stem and leaf still grow sharply in tuber stage, when the plant is lodging seriously, the tuber formation and expansion are hindered, the number and weight of tuber are reduced, and some greedy green delay the mature period. Potato overgrowth does great harm, not only wasting water and fertilizer, but also reducing yield, but also can induce diseases. In field management, in addition to controlling water and fertilizer, plant growth inhibitors are commonly used to regulate the growth of aboveground and underground parts and promote potato fruiting. The effects of paclobutrazol and dilatonin are good.