What are the soil improvement programs?

What are the soil improvement programs? How to improve acidic soil? How to improve alkaline soil? Netizens with knowledge are also asked to help introduce that with the rapid development of agriculture and the abuse of fertilizers and pesticides, the land on which farmers depend for survival is gradually approaching alkaline and alkaline soil. therefore, the farming network has sorted out the harm of acidic and alkaline soil and soil improvement programs, which are listed in detail below for netizens' reference. The harm of acid soil to agriculture: first of all, after soil acidification, it will reduce the number of soil beneficial microorganisms and inhibit the growth and activity of beneficial microorganisms, thus affecting the decomposition of soil organic matter and the cycle of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur and other elements in soil. Moreover, it will also cause the breeding of bacteria and the increase of root diseases, such as soil acidification will aggravate the breeding and spread of crop root nematode disease and so on. Secondly, soil acidification will result in the fixation of nutrient elements. For example, when the soil pH value is lower than 6, the fixation rate of phosphorus in red soil increases linearly with the decrease of pH. Due to the fixation of phosphorus, the effective utilization of phosphorus is greatly reduced, which has become one of the serious problems affecting the development of agriculture. Third, soil acidification will promote the release, activation and dissolution of some toxic elements (such as aluminum ions). For example, aluminum ions in soil will have a toxic effect on the growth of wheat seedlings, and also have a great impact on the relative yield of barley. With the increase of exchangeable aluminum content in soil, the relative yield of barley decreased linearly. And planting crops on acidic soil is not easy to complete seedlings, often forming rigid seedlings and old seedlings, resulting in low yield and poor quality. Improvement scheme of acidic soil: first, lime can be used for improvement: calcareous fertilizer can be used before planting crops, but hydrated lime solution can be used instead when crops have been cultivated. Common calcareous fertilizers include hydrated lime, quicklime, lime bitter soil, calcium carbonate, shellfish fossils, etc. It is recommended to use hydrated lime or quicklime. It is not suitable to use hydrated lime fertilizer mixed with other ingredients when applying. Lime can be applied year by year, and about 10 to 40 kilograms of lime per mu each year should not be applied in large quantities. Click to view > > the action plan of lime nitrogen 2. Farm manure is used for improvement: before crop planting, farm manure is mainly applied to increase soil organic matter, improve soil permeability and promote rhizosphere microbial activity. promote the insoluble mineral elements in the soil into soluble nutrients to achieve the effect of improving soil fertility. Third, using humic acid fertilizer for improvement: the humic acid contained in the fertilizer can adjust the soil, improve the soil pH, and adjust the soil state to the most suitable state for the growth of crops and microorganisms. Humic acid can activate nutrients in soil which are difficult to be absorbed by crops, regulate plant metabolism, improve nutrient utilization efficiency, and naturally improve crop quality and stress resistance by improving the internal and external environment of crop growth. long-term application of humic acid can effectively improve soil hardening, saline-alkali status, and improve crop stress resistance and pest resistance. Click to view > > humic acid detailed introduction scheme 4. Carry out flood-drought rotation in acid soil (the rotation period is 2 to 3 years). Flood-drought rotation can not only improve soil tillage and physical and chemical properties, but also effectively eliminate weeds, diseases and insect pests, and is conducive to the accumulation of organic matter. at the same time, the effect of scientific fertilization is more obvious. If choose alkaline fertilizer (such as ammonium bicarbonate, ammonia). The harm of alkaline soil to agriculture: alkaline soil generally means that the concentration of hydroxide ion in soil solution is higher than that of hydrogen ion. In practice, it refers to the soil whose pH value is above 7.3. It generally includes calcareous soil, saline soil and alkaline soil. First of all, the high salt content and ion toxicity of alkaline soil make it difficult for plant roots to absorb water and nutrients, resulting in "physiological drought" and nutrient deficiency. Even if there are rich nutrients in alkaline soil, its absorbability is very low. Secondly, alkaline soil will do harm to crops due to the underground damage of secondary alkaloids, such as beetles. And some diseases only occur in a certain range of pH value, such as inverted disease often occurs in alkaline and neutral soil. Alkaline soil improvement scheme: first, apply a large amount of organic fertilizer to improve sandy soil: organic fertilizer is the most effective way to improve sandy soil, that is, all kinds of barnyard manure and compost are turned into the soil during spring or autumn ploughing, due to the buffering effect of organic matter, more soluble chemical fertilizers can be properly applied, especially ammonium nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers can be preserved in the soil without loss. Second, green manure and pine needle soil are used for improvement: green manure and pine needle soil are made of weeds, rotten pine and cypress needles, residual branches and other litter, showing strong acidity. Generally, the physical and chemical properties of alkaline soil can be improved by adding green manure or pine needle soil. Third, improve from the use of fertilizer: change to diammonium phosphate or calcium superphosphate when applying phosphate fertilizer in alkaline soil. The effect of applying diammonium phosphate and calcium superphosphate in alkaline soil is very good. In the process of topdressing fertilizer, try to apply physiological acid fertilizer, such as ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate and so on, these fertilizers can neutralize the soil. Why should organic fertilizer be used to determine the acidity and alkalinity of soil?