What effect does calcium play on crops?

What role does calcium play in the growth and development of crops? What is the effect of calcium in crops? What happens to calcium deficiency in crops? The following farming help planting network is briefly introduced for netizens' reference. Calcium is an important mineral element in roots and one of the essential nutrient elements for plant growth and development. In plant physiological activities, calcium not only plays the role of structural components, but also has the function of auxiliary factors of enzymes. It can maintain the stability of cell wall, cell membrane and membrane binding proteins, and participate in the regulation of various growth and development in cells. First, the existence form of calcium in cells plants absorb calcium ions from salts such as calcium chloride, calcium ions are colorless, non-magnetic, and do not participate in any redox reaction. Calcium exists in many forms in cells. When the content of calcium in cells is 0.1-10mmol/L, it can be divided into free calcium, bound calcium and stored calcium. Different forms of calcium have different physiological functions. Calcium is mainly found in crop leaves or old organs and tissues, and it is a relatively difficult element to move. Second, the role of calcium in plants 1. The effect of calcium on the structure and function of cell wall. The cell wall is mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin. Electron microscopic observation confirmed that calcium and pectic acid-shaped calcium in the cell wall protected the structure of the glue layer in the cell. When calcium exists in the form of calcium pectate in the tree, it is a part of the cell wall and intercellular layer, which connects the adjacent cells to each other and increases the toughness of the cells. A large number of studies show that calcium plays an important role in maintaining the structural stability of plant cells. 2. The effect of calcium on the structure and function of cell membrane. Calcium can maintain the integrity and stability of cell membrane. Both cell membrane and liquid cell membrane are composed of protein and fat, and calcium can affect the arrangement of membrane phospholipids and membrane proteins on the inner surface of cell membrane, thus maintaining the stability of membrane structure. Calcium can also reduce the permeability of the membrane, change the selectivity and affinity of the membrane to ions, and antagonize some factors that destroy the integrity of the membrane. Calcium in cells can be divided into several calcium pools, which are in dynamic balance. They regulate the extracellular ion environment and the structure and function of plasma membrane. When the calcium pool is out of balance, metabolic disorders will occur and cause physiological diseases. 3. The regulatory effect of calcium on intracellular enzyme activity. In plant cells, calcium ions act as second messengers to combine with calmodulin to form ca2+-calmodulin complex, which can activate NA kinase, cyclic nucleoside phosphatase and Ca-ATP enzyme, and participate in a variety of metabolic activities. The mechanism is that when plant somatic cells are stimulated by the external environment, it can cause the increase of cytoplasmic free ca2+, and then ca2+ binds with CaM and activates, acting on some physiological and biochemical reaction sites, transforming the stimulating information into specific biochemical reactions. Calcium deficiency will cause slow response of fruits to various stimuli in vitro, resulting in the occurrence of physiological diseases. Third, the effect of calcium on plant hormones the physiological effects of plant hormones are very extensive, and they can regulate and control many physiological and biochemical processes of garden plant growth and development. Studies have shown that these effects of plant hormones are related to calcitonin. Calcium modifies the regulatory function of plant endogenous hormones. The response of calcium to hormones is not only magnified, but also reduced in some aspects. It is now known that exogenous high concentrations of ca2+ inhibit ethylene production and delay senescence: increased ca2+ in the cytoplasm promotes ethylene production and accelerates senescence. The effect of calcium on the production of ethylene is more complex, which may be related to the complex factors affecting the production of ethylene. The effect of calcium on auxin transport is reflected in the auxin binding site. the first binding site is located on the cell membrane, which can be replaced by other bivalent cations, while the second binding site is directly involved in the secretion of auxin. may lead to the use of the second messenger. This binding site is specific to calcium. Other plant hormones are also closely related to calcium. For example, spraying excitatory cord on apple can promote the movement of ca to mature leaves. Some people think that it may delay the senescence of leaves or increase the transpiration intensity of leaves. Fourth, the relationship between calcium and fruit quality calcium is an important mineral nutrient element that determines fruit quality. There are two forms of calcium in fruit, namely non-protoplast calcium and protoplast calcium. The former is related to the strength of the fruit and plays a role in the cytoskeleton, while the latter is related to the toughness of the cell membrane. 1. Calcium and postharvest physiological diseases of fruits: the physiological disorders of many fruits are closely related to calcium deficiency. When calcium deficiency occurs, the function of the cell weakens, the fluidity and permeability of the cell membrane change, and the connection between calcium and pectin in the middle glue layer is destroyed, which affects the adhesion between cells and makes the tissue senescent or necrotic. After harvest, with the increase of storage time, the maturity of many fruits will increase, while the pectin of the cell wall will degrade and the content of water-soluble calcium will increase, so that the bound calcium on the cell wall will be greatly reduced. as a result, the concentration difference between the cell wall and the cytoplasm is destroyed, which is very disadvantageous to maintain cell function and delay senescence, resulting in the aggravation of diseases caused by calcium deficiency. Pre-harvest or postharvest calcium treatment plays a good role in preventing or reducing the occurrence of physiological diseases. the mechanism of calcium improving fruit resistance may be as follows: (1) calcium promotes wound corking. (2) calcium ion binds to pectin in cell wall to maintain cell membrane structure, reduce cell wall permeability, prevent fruit softening and improve fruit resistance. 2. The relationship between calcium and fruit storage: the regulatory effect of calcium on fruit ripening and senescence has been studied. Many experiments have shown that maintaining a high level of calcitonin in fruit tissue can maintain fruit firmness, reduce respiratory rate, inhibit ethylene production, prolong fruit storage life and improve fruit quality. Postharvest litchi treated with cac12 showed that Pectinase and polygalacturonic acid activity in a certain concentration of calcium had an effect, delaying the peak of this enzyme activity and thus delaying fruit senescence. Pear, peach, citrus, bayberry, kiwifruit and apple treated with calcium can improve fruit quality and prolong storage life. 3. Measures to increase calcium in fruit: many studies have shown that the increase of calcium content in fruit can significantly reduce the respiratory intensity of fruit during storage and improve the ability of cold resistance. In general, pre-harvest or postharvest calcium treatment is used in production practice, which has a good effect on preventing or reducing the occurrence of physiological diseases. Production practice has proved that calcium supplementation to apple trees can effectively promote fruit coloring and wax formation, reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, and greatly improve fruit quality. The above is the introduction of the role of calcium in the growth and development of crops. If you have a better supplement, please leave a message below to let us know.