Soil and Water Conservation techniques in Tea Garden

According to the causes of local soil and water loss, engineering measures, agronomic measures and biological measures should be taken to control soil and water loss in tea garden.

1. Engineering measures.

The main results are as follows: (1) Contour terraces are built in tea gardens on steep slopes.

Facts have proved that for tea gardens with steep slopes above 15 degrees, the construction of terraces is the most effective measure to prevent soil erosion. When building terraces, the terrace wall can be made of stone, turf or raw soil, dig up the topsoil to the inner soil layer along the contour line, and make a slope foundation about 50 cm wide. Every year should be timely inspection, if there is damage at any time to repair, timely do a good job of all kinds of expansion and protection ladder work.

(2) set up storage and drainage systems.

Setting up reasonable storage and drainage system in tea garden is another important engineering measure to prevent soil erosion. The construction of tea garden base should be designed scientifically and arranged reasonably in advance. The storage and drainage system mainly includes flood interception ditch, isolation ditch, horizontal ditch, vertical ditch and so on. The trench is set up to prevent the flood on the accumulated rain surface above the tea garden and the soil erosion caused by the stagnant water flowing into the tea garden, but it is not necessary if there is no accumulated rain surface above the tea garden. The depth and width of the trench should be determined according to the area of accumulated rain above the tea garden, generally 50-100 cm deep and 40-60 cm wide, open along the contour line, take the soil in the ditch and build a road under the ditch, and the two ends of the ditch are connected with the longitudinal ditch of the tea garden to facilitate drainage. The cross ditch is opened to intercept the flow of water inside the tea garden. The terraced tea garden is set up on the inside of each terraced field, and the gentle slope tea garden is equipped with a ditch every 10 to 15 tea lines. If there is a horizontal road on the hillside, a horizontal ditch should also be set up at the top of the road. The depth and width of the transverse groove are determined according to the slope, and the width and depth are generally 30cm to 40cm. The main purpose of the longitudinal ditch is to remove the excess water from the tea garden and the water from the trench and cross ditch, which is generally set up on both sides of the uphill road and in a particularly depressed place in the tea garden. The depth and width of the ditch should be determined according to the slope and the accumulation of water in the tea garden, usually 40-50 cm. The longitudinal ditch should be connected with the horizontal ditch, and earth pits and earth dams should be built at the joint in order to reduce the flow speed of the longitudinal ditch and accumulate sediment, and further improve the effect of soil and water conservation in the tea garden.

2. Agronomic measures.

(1) equal height planting and reasonable strip planting.

Whether it is terraced tea garden or sloping tea garden, contour planting can effectively prevent soil erosion, especially reasonable double-row strip planting and multi-row strip planting. The planting holes of double-row strip planting and multi-row strip planting should be arranged in the way of "∴∵", so that tea trees can play a better role in soil conservation. Tea rows with missing plants and broken ridges should strive to make up and prevent soil and water loss from broken ridges in tea gardens.

(2) strengthen the cultivation and enlarge the crown.

Young tea trees must go through three times of stereotyped pruning, adult tea trees should be combined with collection and cultivation, constantly expand their crowns, increase the canopy and green coverage of tea gardens, reduce soil exposure, and prevent soil loss caused by Rain Water's direct impact on the soil.

(3) the ground is covered with grass.

Grass mulching on the ground can not only prevent soil erosion in tea garden, but also increase the content of soil organic matter and nutrients and improve soil fertility. In addition, grass mulching on the ground can also reduce the intensity of suppression of the soil by tea pickers, inhibit the growth of weeds in the tea garden and buffer the excessive changes of soil temperature, keep warm and prevent freezing in winter, and prevent soil water evaporation in summer. Especially at an early age, it is necessary to do a good job in laying grass in the tea garden. Mountain straw, rice straw, wheat straw, bean straw, bagasse, green manure and so on can be used as forage for laying grass in tea garden. In order to make the tea garden grass-laying play a more effective role in soil and water conservation, picking tea garden hay should not be less than 800 kg per mu, and strive to lay it before the rainstorm with the most serious soil erosion. Press the soil on the grass after laying grass in the sloping tea garden to prevent the forage from being washed away by water.