Field Management techniques of Winter Potato in Huizhou

1. Scientific fertilization

Fertilization principle is: apply sufficient base fertilizer, early application of topdressing, increase potassium fertilizer. Organic fertilizer is the main fertilizer, chemical fertilizer is the auxiliary fertilizer; base fertilizer is the main fertilizer, topdressing is the auxiliary fertilizer; nitrogen fertilizer is applied appropriately, potassium fertilizer is added.

1. base fertilizer

The base fertilizer accounts for more than 60% of the total fertilizer application amount, mainly decomposed organic fertilizer. Generally, 300~400 kg chicken manure or 800~1000 kg other livestock manure is applied per mu, and 25~30 kg calcium superphosphate is added. After mixing and composting (about 15 days), compound fertilizer is added.(nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content is 15%, the same below) 25 kg, potassium sulfate or potassium chlorate 5~7.5 kg, borax 2 kg, trichlorfon powder 3 kg mixed evenly, soil preparation in the furrow opened a depth of 5 cm fertilizer, cover soil.

2. topdressing

Topdressing is generally applied 3 times, with an interval of 7 to 10 days. Nitrogen fertilizer should be applied mainly in the early stage to promote early growth and rapid growth of seedlings, and potassium fertilizer should be applied in the late stage to promote potato expansion. The first topdressing is applied with seedling fertilizer when the seedling is 80%, and compound fertilizer is applied with 5 kg and urea is applied with 3~4 kg per mu; the second topdressing is applied with plant fertilizer at the 6~8 leaf stage, and compound fertilizer is applied with 7.5 kg and urea, potassium sulfate or potassium chlorate are applied with 3~4 kg per mu; and the third topdressing is applied with plant growth and expansion fertilizer at the 10~12 leaf stage or when the potato pieces have the size of eggs, and compound fertilizer is applied with 8~10 kg and potassium sulfate or potassium chlorate is applied with 5 kg per mu. Each time topdressing is mixed with 2000~2500 kg of water per mu and drenched. After three topdressing treatments, 0.2%"Yunda 120"+0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution was sprayed 1~2 times.

II. Chemical weeding

After sowing to before emergence, spray 96% Jinduer 40~ 80ml mixed with 75kg water per mu on the surface of the ridge, or spray Gramoxone directionally on the surface of the ridge before the first cultivation, but pay attention to avoid spraying on the branches and leaves as much as possible.

III. Cultivation

Cultivate soil twice during the whole period to avoid potato exposure and reduce green head potatoes. Generally, after the second topdressing, small soil cultivation shall be carried out in time, with soil thickness of 3~4 cm, and all straw shall be covered; after the third fertilization, large soil cultivation shall be carried out in combination with weeding, with soil thickness of 5~6 cm. When cultivating soil, try to avoid damaging stems, branches and leaves.

IV. Suitable irrigation "running horse water"

Water saving irrigation techniques should be actively promoted. Potato germination period can generally rely on the seed potato's own water supply to ensure seedling emergence, seedling stage water demand is small, through spraying water and fertilizer can basically meet the water needs of seedling growth, so generally do not irrigate before emergence, in order to save water and promote seedling root deep penetration, improve drought resistance. The water requirement of plants increased after the emergence stage, reached the maximum at the early stage of tuber setting (from the beginning of flowering to 7 days after flowering), and decreased at the late stage of tuber setting. Therefore, after small and large soil cultivation, when the buds are present, if it does not rain, it is necessary to irrigate 1 "running horse water" respectively. If there is no rain for a long time and the soil is too dry, continue to irrigate 1 to 2 times of "running horse water". Note that each time "running horse water" irrigation to the ridge 1/2 high can be drained within 1 hour, the bottom of the ditch without water. After moderate to heavy rain, it is not advisable to irrigate, and it is necessary to remove water in furrows in time to prevent rotten potatoes and infectious diseases.

5. Timely prevention and control of pests and diseases

There are many potato diseases and insect pests, so we should focus on the prevention and control of black shank disease, late blight, ring rot, bacterial wilt, aphid, cutworm and tuber moth. In terms of control, firstly, it is necessary to popularize disease-resistant varieties, select virus-free seed potatoes and strictly disinfect them; secondly, when applying basal fertilizer or the first time of spraying water and fertilizer and the last time of spraying water and fertilizer, add 3 kg trichlorfon powder mixed (sprayed) per mu respectively to prevent underground pests; thirdly, spray 1~2 times of Meiduo Ke or 58% Jinlei Domier 600 times and 72% agricultural streptomycin 4000 times after large cultivation to prevent late blight and bacterial wilt; Fourth, rational application of fertilizer and water to avoid ponding in the field and prevent excessive growth; fifth, strengthen field inspection, and timely apply corresponding pesticides to control diseases and insect pests.

VI. Timely harvest

Before and after the physiological maturity period of potato, that is, when the plant stops growing, most of the stems and leaves are withered, and the tubers are easy to separate from the stolons, it is the physiological maturity period with the highest yield. It is necessary to seize the mature period of the highest market price and harvest in time to realize the maximum benefit.