Road Planning of Ponkan Orchard

Whether the planning and design of Ponkan orchard (base) is proper or not directly affects the high quality, high yield, stable yield, high efficiency and low consumption of Ponkan. The road system consists of trunk road, slip road (mechanized ploughing road), sidewalk (sidewalk) and so on. Taking the main road and branch road as the framework, through its connection with the access road, a complete transportation network is formed to facilitate the transportation of fertilizers, pesticides and fruits, as well as the entry and exit of agricultural machinery.

The main road is designed according to two lanes. If the orchard is not close to the highway and the orchard area exceeds 1000 mu, the main road will be built to connect with the highway.

The branch road is designed according to the single lane, and the meeting lane is set appropriately in the area with good line of sight. Density of branch roads in the orchard: in principle, the straight line distance from any point in the orchard to the nearest branch road, trunk road or highway is not more than 150 meters, and the special area is controlled at about 200 meters. The branch road should be closed as far as possible and connected to the village as much as possible. The route of the main road and branch road should avoid the areas where bridges, large culverts and large fortresses should be built as far as possible.

The distance between sidewalks (sidewalks), or between sidewalks and slip roads, and between sidewalks and trunk roads or highways should be determined according to the topography. Generally, the straight line distance between any point in the orchard and the nearest road is less than 75 meters. Special areas are controlled at about 100 meters. The interrow sidewalk is set directly between two rows of trees, and a tree is reduced between the trees through the sidewalk. The sidewalk usually moves horizontally or in a straight line, and steps are built on sections with a large slope.

The distance between adjacent sidewalks or between adjacent sidewalks and branch roads is multiple to the row spacing or plant spacing of growing ponkan as far as possible.

Specific design requirements:

(1) Trunk Road

Run through or surround the whole orchard, connect with the outside road, and can be connected by car. The roadbed is 5 meters wide, the road width is 4 meters, and the shoulder is 0.5 meters. It is built in a moderate position and there is a parking lot at the end of the driveway. The longitudinal slope is not more than 5 degrees, and the minimum turning radius is not less than 10 meters; the roadbed should be solid, usually with stones at the bottom after seeing the hard bottom, gravel paving and compaction, and drainage ditches by the roadside.

(2) slip road

The width of roadbed is 4 meters, the width of road surface is 3 meters, the shoulder is 0.5 meters, the minimum turning radius is 5 meters, the special section is 3 meters, and the longitudinal slope is not more than 12 degrees, which requires gravel paving, mudstone structure and compaction. The branch road is connected with the main road (or highway), and drainage ditches are set up by the roadside.

The branch road is a single lane, in principle, a wrong lane is added every 200 meters, and the wrong lane is located in a favorable location to meet the requirements of the driver's line of sight. The width is 6 meters, the effective length is greater than or equal to 10 meters, and the wrong lane is also the loading yard for fruit picking.

(3) sidewalks

The road width is 1 to 1.5 meters, and the dirt road surface can also be paved with stone or concrete slabs. Sidewalk slope less than 10 degrees straight up and down, 10 degrees ~ 15 degrees oblique walk, more than 15 degrees according to the "Z" shape setting. There should be a drain on the sidewalk.

(4) ladder sidewalk

Built beside the back ditch of each terrace, 0.3 meters wide, it is the management work road of the same terrace, which is connected to the sidewalk. The longer terraces can build stone ladders (stone steps) or wall working paths between the upper and lower platforms in appropriate areas, so as to connect the upper and lower terraces and facilitate the management of the upper and lower terraces.

(5) Waterway transport facilities

The establishment of mandarin bases along rivers, lakes and reservoirs should make full use of waterway transportation. After determining the transport line, the number and size of the wharf should also be planned.