Fertilization Technology of Tea Plant (part I)

According to the growth characteristics and fertilizer demand characteristics of tea trees, tea fertilization can be divided into base fertilizer, base fertilizer and topdressing fertilizer.

1. Base fertilizer.

Base fertilizer refers to the fertilizer applied when opening up a new tea garden or replanting. Its main function is to increase soil organic matter, improve soil physical and chemical properties, promote soil ripening, improve soil fertility, and create good soil conditions for tea growth, high quality and high yield in the future.

According to Yin Daoming (1992), under the condition of equal nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the effect of organic fertilizer as base fertilizer is obviously better than that of chemical fertilizer, which is barnyard manure > cake fertilizer > grass fertilizer > chemical fertilizer. The bottom fertilizer should be applied layer by layer, and the soil fertilizer should be mixed with each other to promote the ripening of deep soil and induce the development of tea root system. If the amount of base fertilizer is large, it can be applied in an all-round way; if the amount of base fertilizer is small, it can be concentrated in the planting ditch. When opening the ditch, the topsoil and deep soil are separated, the ditch depth is 40cm to 50cm, and the bottom of the ditch is loosened by 15cm. Fertilize according to the layer, first fill the topsoil, mix each layer of soil fertilizer and then apply a layer.

2. Base fertilizer.

The fertilizer applied after the tea tree stops picking in that year is called base fertilizer. The function of base fertilizer is to ensure the nutrients needed for root activity at the beginning of winter, and to provide nutrients for tea bud germination in the following year.

(1) the application time of base fertilizer.

The suitable application time of base fertilizer is closely related to the tea growing season, in principle, it should be applied immediately after the end of the tea season, especially that the base fertilizer can not be applied in winter. On the one hand, the damage to tea roots caused by trenching can not be recovered, affecting tea overwintering; on the other hand, the absorption capacity of tea roots in winter is low, and the fertilizer applied is very little. Studies by Wu Yan and Ru Guomin show that applying base fertilizer too late will reduce the contribution rate of spring tea. The nitrogen use efficiency of base fertilizer applied on September 24 to the end of the following spring tea was 30.8%, and that of base fertilizer applied on October 25 was 21.5%. The utilization rate of base fertilizer applied on December 25 was only 18.1%. However, the base fertilizer can not be applied prematurely, such as the year with high temperature in late autumn, it will make some overwintering buds sprout, affect the yield of spring tea in the following year, and is not conducive to tea overwintering. In the tea area of South China, the growth period of tea plant was longer, the growth of aboveground parts stopped from mid-November to early December, and the application time of base fertilizer was from mid-late November to early December.

(2) the variety and dosage of base fertilizer.

As a base fertilizer, it is required to contain higher organic matter in order to fertilize the soil, improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and improve the ability of soil fertilizer conservation and supply; at the same time, the base fertilizer should contain certain available nutrients to facilitate the absorption of tea trees. Therefore, tea garden base fertilizer should use all kinds of organic fertilizer such as cake fertilizer, compost and barnyard manure, and if necessary, mix part of available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, or compound fertilizer, so as to learn from each other's strong points to offset their weaknesses. The amount of base fertilizer depends on the production level of the tea garden. Generally speaking, for the production of tea garden, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the base fertilizer accounts for 30% to 40% of the annual use, while phosphate fertilizer and trace element fertilizer can all be used as base fertilizer. When the amount of potassium and magnesium fertilizer is small, it can be used as base fertilizer at one time, and when the amount is large, part of it is used as base fertilizer and part of it is used as topdressing. Take the Yingde tea area as an example, it can be ploughed 40 cm deep between rows in winter, 4000cm / mu of barnyard manure is applied and covered grass is applied.