Key points of cultivation of Changyuan No.1 Ponkan

1. Rootstock combination

Sour orange or trifoliate orange and Jiangxi red orange were used as rootstocks. Sour orange rootstock has high yield, but it is put into production later; the crown of lobular trifoliate orange rootstock is dwarfed, the fruit is early, and the yield is good; Jiangxi red orange rootstock is moderate, early fruiting and high-yielding.

2. Proper close planting

1120145 plants (3 m × 2 m ~ 2.3 m × 2 m) were planted on Fructus Aurantii rootstock and 112 plants were planted on Jiangxi red tangerine rootstock. As a result, with the increase and intersection of the crown, the truncation and retraction should be taken in time to maintain a good crown.

3. Rational fertilization

In the first two years after planting, the purpose of fertilization for young trees is to promote the rapid growth of the crown, generally according to the germination and growth of each shoot, turning green for 2 or 3 times, and the fertilizer is mainly nitrogen fertilizer. After putting into production, the fertilizer is applied for the whole year, one is to promote flowers and buds. The growing mean tree applies mature fertilizer by retting 15 days before the bud is white; high-quality bran fertilizer or human and animal urine fertilizer and compound fertilizer; strong trees apply only when they see flowers, apply more flowers, less flowers, and the amount of fertilizer used accounts for about 25% of the total fertilizer application in the whole year. Second, Xiehua stable fruit fertilizer. Foliar fertilizers such as urea + potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate or Lvwang nitrogen and Lvwang potassium were sprayed from Xiehua to the first physiological fruit drop period. The third is to reapply autumn shoot fertilizer. Slow-acting organic fertilizer was applied to strong trees one month before autumn shoots, and quick-acting fertilizers were applied in the first 10 days to promote shoots, accounting for 35% and 40% of the total amount of fertilizer applied in the whole year. Organic fertilizer is peanut bran or chicken manure, and urea mixed compound fertilizer is used for available fertilizer. Fourth, strong fruit and flower bud fertilizer, fertilization time in mid-late October, fertilizer with compound fertilizer or mature bran fertilizer, manure, fertilizer accounted for 15% to 20% of the annual use. Fifth, fruit-picking fertilizer, applied before fruit-picking, mainly available nitrogen fertilizer, accounting for 10% of the whole year.

Pay attention to the irrigation during the fruit growth period.

4. Cultivate crown and strong shoot

To cultivate early-bearing and high-yielding crowns and strong fruiting mother branches, measures such as branch pulling, shaping, wiping buds and shoots, short cutting and promoting shoots were taken from the first year after planting, so as to form a wavy round-headed crown with early fruiting and high yield as soon as possible. Young trees are planted 3 or 4 times a year, and more than 100 effective autumn shoots are required for biennial trees. The early declining shoots of the fruiting trees were erased in time, and the weak branches, fallen flowers and fruit branches and overgrowing branches in the middle and upper part of the crown were properly cut 10-15 days before the autumn shoot, and the strong fruiting mother branches were cultivated, and the young and middle-aged trees should also pay attention to controlling the winter shoots.

5. Fruit protection and fruit thinning

(1) fruit protection. Thinning and pruning the nutritious spring shoots with strong growth potential at the flower bud stage, erasing the summer shoots in time, reducing physiological fruit drop, and spraying growth regulators on the leaves. 0.1% boric acid + 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + Luwang nitrogen and potassium were sprayed at the flower bud stage. Do a good job of drought prevention, waterlogging prevention, sunburn prevention, prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, in order to protect the fruit.

(2) thinning fruit. In order to produce high-quality large fruits in line with the specifications, disease and insect fruits, malformed fruits and small fruits inside the crown should be removed in mid-and late June. If there are a lot of fruits, some single-topped fruits can be removed in the middle and upper part of the crown where autumn shoots are easy to occur.

6. Disease and pest control

There are many diseases and pests in Changyuan No. 1 ponkan, so it is necessary to control them in time in order to protect leaves, fruits, high and stable yield and high quality.