Key Techniques for Improving Quality and Yield of Dongkui Myrica rubra (Ⅰ)

The keys to improve the quality and yield of Dongkui bayberry are as follows: grasping the critical period, keeping the tree potential moderate, looking at the tree management, opening the crown, retaining oblique branches, pressing shoots, thinning flowers and fruits, carefully applying nutrient solution, paying attention to potash fertilizer, and preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests.

1. Grasp the critical period

(1) Post-harvest management

The management objectives of this critical period are: first, to quickly restore the tree potential after high yield; second, to produce good summer shoots timely and appropriately according to the needs of high-quality and high-yield results; third, to ensure that flower buds differentiate on time and make flower buds develop well.

① is suitable for postharvest fertilizer: it should be applied before the first ten days of July. The amount of fertilizer applied should account for more than 30% of the total fertilizer for the whole year. The main types of fertilizers are organic fertilizer and potash fertilizer. Do not apply phosphate fertilizer, do not use nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium compound fertilizer. Organic fertilizer such as human feces, urine, bean cake and so on. Try to avoid using organic fertilizers with high phosphorus content, such as rapeseed cake, fish fertilizer and pig manure. Absolutely no untreated municipal rubbish. Nitrogen fertilizers such as urea and ammonium sulfate can also be avoided. Potash fertilizer can use potassium sulfate, plant ash and so on. Potassium chloride that does not have adverse effects on trees and soil. Potash fertilizer and organic fertilizer should be applied separately to avoid nitrogen volatilization.

② focuses on pruning: it will be finished by mid-July. The big branches to be cut are: sawing off the erect branches (also known as "big branches"); deleting dense, overlapping and overlapping branches; and sawing off the upper branches of the crown year by year in order to reduce the height of the crown. There are 3 saws per year, and the saws are completed in 2 ~ 3 years. While pruning big branches, the shoots of 1-3-year-old branches damaged by dense diseases and insect pests should be trimmed properly.

(2) Management before the Spring Festival

The aim is to reduce the growth potential of spring shoots, so the spring management will be advanced to winter management, and can make the flower bud development better, full and strong. From mid-November to the first day of the Spring Festival of the following year (for example, the Spring Festival is February 1, that is, from mid-November to January 31 of the following year). During this period, the tree is strong and early, but weak and late, because Dongkui bayberry has different habits from other fruit trees.

① fertilization

Soil application, strong tree potential can not be applied, moderate tree potential first, weak tree potential, respectively; mainly potash fertilizer, no other fertilizer in the soil; urban garbage can never be used as organic fertilizer. The crown of the tree was sprayed with boron fertilizer twice at intervals of about 10 days. Avoid boron deficiency in trees, promote flower bud development, observe the situation of element deficiency in trees, and spray molybdenum fertilizer or zinc fertilizer appropriately.

② pruning

Advance spring pruning to winter pruning. This can not only promote the better development of flower buds, but also avoid a large number of fruit drop caused by spring shoots caused by spring pruning.

Pruning period: according to the tree potential, that is, the strong tree potential, can be in late November or early December, and then look at the strength of the tree, gradually postponed to the weak tree, can be carried out in mid-or late January.

The content of pruning: mainly pruning twigs, such as dense or erect summer or spring shoots of the current year, while retaining oblique branches.

③ spraying stone-sulfur mixture

The aim is to clean the canopy and to replenish the tree with sulfur.

Spraying time: from late November to late January of the following year.

Spray concentration: in the early stage, due to high temperature, Baume 3.5 degree stone sulfur mixture was used; with the decrease of air temperature, the concentration increased. From the first ten days to the last ten days of January, the concentration can be increased to Baume 5 degree stone sulfur mixture.

Note: spray medicine in warm and sunny days to avoid being damaged by cold after spraying in low temperature and cold weather. Spray at 9: 11 a.m. and 2: 4 p.m., and do not use it at low temperatures in the morning or evening or at noon. In addition to spraying the crown, it is also necessary to spray the trunk and the ground.