High-yield cultivation techniques of Nai Li

Nai Li, also known as peach-shaped plum, is a variety of Chinese plum, native to Fujian, fruit shaped like peach, skin color similar to plum. It has the advantages of strong tree strength, strong adaptability, cold resistance and heat resistance. The fruit has thin skin and thick flesh, and the meat is crisp, hard and refreshing. It is an excellent green health food with low acid and high sugar. The cultivation techniques are introduced as follows:

1. The choice of garden.

Select the hilly sloping land below 300 meters above sea level, sheltered from the wind and sunny, and the soil requires good permeability, and the slightly acidic and neutral sandy loam is the best. The garden should have certain conditions of drainage and irrigation.

2. Land preparation.

If planted in the mountainous area, the slope is less than 25 ℃, the depth of the whole reclamation is 20 to 25 cm, and the hillside with a larger slope should be made into a horizontal terrace, and the hole should be dug according to the plant spacing of 3 × 3 meters. First fill the topsoil in the hole, and then apply 100kg to 150kg soil fertilizer or 0.5kg cake fertilizer and 0.25 kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate as base fertilizer for each hole.

3. Planting.

Winter planting should be carried out after the defoliation of seedlings, the best time is from late December to mid-January of the following year, and spring planting can be carried out from February to March. Dry 35cm to 40cm, fill the soil tightly and pour enough planting water. The soil should be slightly above the ground to prevent stagnant water.

4. Shaping and pruning.

The main branch of Nai-Li center is not obvious, and the tree shape is open, so the tree shape of "three main trunks happy" should be adopted, that is, there are 3 or 4 trunks within 33 cm of the ground. Among the branches that occurred near the cutting mouth of the trunk in the following spring, three or four branches with strong growth, balanced distribution and suitable opening angle were selected to cultivate the main branches. When pruning in winter, cut off the 2 + 5 of the extended branch to make it obliquely extend outward; in the third year, the extended branch of the main branch was cut short according to the above method, and the remaining lateral branches were staggered on each main branch at an interval of about 50-60 cm, and the crown backbone was basically formed after 4-5 years. After pruning every year, according to the relative position of the shoot in the crown, measures such as long release, short cutting, shrinking or coring were taken to cultivate the fruiting branch group.

After entering the fruiting period, it should be pruned according to the principle of "light cutting, long cutting and branch thinning", so as to promote the formation of short fruit branches. The elongated branches of the main and lateral branches are cut short by 50cm to 60cm every winter to promote the sprouting of new shoots. In autumn, short shoots often develop into short fruit branches or bouquet-like short fruit branches, while most of the long new shoots can not form fruiting branches in the same year, if they are not truncated, they generally no longer draw growth branches on them in the following year, and most of them form short fruit branches or bouquet-like short fruit branches. The short fruit branches of Nai plum can bear fruit continuously for many years, and the short fruit branches of 2 ~ 3 years old generally bear better fruit. Prune the aging weak branches in time to make them sprout healthy shoots.

5. Garden management.

(1) cultivate soil. Because the hillside terrace soil is often washed by Rain Water, the root system is easy to be exposed, and the soil on the mountain surface is 3-5 cm thick every year.

(2) deep digging and soil improvement. Within 3-5 years of seedling planting, the holes were deeply ploughed 2-3 times a year, the first ploughing was in February with a depth of 15-25 cm, and the second was ploughed once in August combined with fertilization. Remove the tillers at the base of the trunk at any time.

Intercropping. During the infancy, legume green manure and dwarf cash crops can be planted between rows, which can not only "grow in a short time", but also achieve the goal of "ploughing instead of caressing".

(3) fertilization. Nai Li absorbed more nitrogen and potassium and less phosphorus. Generally managed orchards, each plant should be applied pig cattle fertilizer 25kg 50kg, calcium magnesium phosphate 0.75kg 1.5kg, in autumn ring-shaped ditch or ditch application.

(4) Irrigation. Although Nai Li is not strict with the soil, it should be irrigated for 2 or 3 times during the summer drought. Orchards without irrigation conditions should be ploughed in time before the arrival of the dry season, and cover the tree plate with soil to maintain soil moisture.

(5) to avoid wind damage. In order to prevent wind damage, protective forests should be planted on the north and south sides of Nai-Li orchard, or a circle of Chinese fir trees can be planted around the orchard.

(6) protecting flowers and fruits. 0.2% borax or borax pine can be sprayed once at flowering stage; 0.2% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate are sprayed once after flowering. The yield can also be effectively increased by using growth regulators such as 2mae4Mel D, Fangluo, gibberellin and Baoguoling.