Shaping and pruning and Fertilizer and Water Management of High-yield cultivation of Huangguan Pear

1. Shaping and pruning

The young trees of Huangguan pear have strong growth potential. The germination rate is high, and the branching ability is strong. Moreover, young shoots have the characteristics of upright growth. Therefore, the canopy is easy to close, affecting ventilation and light transmission, easy to cause the fruit position to move outward. Therefore, Huangguan pear should adopt small crown sparse layer shape. The tree height is controlled at 3 meters to 3.5 meters. Young trees are pruned mainly by light pruning and slow release. The outer branches should not be too many or too large to maintain a balanced tree and branch potential. At the same time, pay attention to pulling branches and opening corners. Summer pruning pay attention to orchard ventilation and light transmission, enhance leaf photosynthetic efficiency, reduce the breeding and spread of pests.

2. Management of fertilizer water

(1) Application of base fertilizer

After fruit has fallen or before fruit has been picked. - The annual application of decomposed organic fertilizer should be more than 5000 kg/mu. High-quality chicken manure does not exceed 4000 kg; long-term all-element compound fertilizer and other late-effect fertilizers can be mixed in the base fertilizer and applied once. Base fertilizer should not be applied too deep. Since 80% of the roots are mainly distributed in the soil layer above 40 cm, the appropriate fertilization depth is 50 cm.

(2) Topdressing

Fertilization is formulated according to soil nutrients. Topdressing can be applied at the same time a small amount of iron, zinc, boron and other trace elements. Nitrogen fertilizer was mainly used in growth period, before germination and after fruit picking. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were the main factors in fruit expansion stage. Water immediately after fertilization.

(3) foliar fertilizer

Foliar fertilizer can be sprayed after flowering, fruit expansion and before fruit picking all year round. The types of fertilizer sprayed can be selected from balanced leaf fertilizer, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, multi-element micro-fertilizer, calcium fertilizer, etc. According to the investigation, the good fruit rate of Huangguan pear was above 95% in orchards sprayed with amino acid calcium or cover calcium for 5~6 times.

(4) Irrigation and drainage

Orchards according to moisture timely watering. The watering was carried out before flowering, after flowering and during fruit expansion. June to August when there is no rain watering, and pay attention to summer drainage.