Cultivation methods of Aconitum

The root and leaf growth of Aconitum is relatively simple, and there are few diseases, so the yield of planting Aconitum is relatively high every year, and it is also a kind of banker that farmers prefer to plant. Today, the editor will briefly talk to you about several key points of aconite planting. I hope that after reading it, I hope that people who understand aconitum cultivation will be helpful and inspired, and can also bring help in the actual operation of aconite cultivation.

Land selection and preparation

After harvesting with rice, corn, vegetables, wheat or Coptis chinensis, the previous crops of Aconitum were turned to sun, fully weathered, so that the soil was fine broken, made a border, 100-130 cm wide, 16 cm high, 26 cm wide, and applied rotten stable compost and compost on the border, more than 15000 kg per hectare, turned into the soil, fully mixed, and the whole border was arched.

Sowing method

Most of the sowing methods of aconitum are root mass propagation, direct sowing, storage and preparation. In order to cultivate high-quality and high-yield varieties, the breeding and breeding materials must be selected in the mountainous area about 1000 meters above sea level.

1. Direct seeding

Timely planting is very important. From late July to early August, the land will be ready. When collecting black medicine, the aconite suitable for planting will immediately be planted according to row spacing of 50 cm, plant spacing of 26 cm, deep hole of 10 cm, planting 1-2 seeds, so that the mouth of the bud is upward, covering 3 cm of soil, and then interplanting vegetables, broad beans, peas, wheat and so on. When the day is dry, it is watered once every 7-8 days, and the aconite is dormant in the field, and the seedlings emerge and grow in the second year.

2. Storage and seed preparation

When collecting aconite, the big ones are used medicinally, and the small ones are left on the mackerel, pseudo-planted in sandy loam, and taken out when planting; if you take out the planting from the old loam, dig a pit about 66 cm deep with sandy loam or sandy soil, spread a layer of planting below, cover it with 16 cm thick sand, and cover it with sand until the ground is made of tiled back, and several bundles of corn stalks stand around and in the middle to make it aerate. In December, in the prepared field, it is divided into large, medium, small and third classes, with row spacing of 26 cm for large plants, 20-23 cm for medium plants and 16 cm for small plants, applying sufficient base fertilizer, applying manure and an appropriate amount of calcium superphosphate (225 kg per hectare) to the cave, covering soil 6-10 cm, planting 750 kg per hectare, and choosing strong and neat seedlings with high yield and good quality when cutting in winter. In places where it is too cold, wood can be planted in winter or in spring. The method is the same as above. Interplanting with corn, peanuts and sweet potatoes yields about 600000 black herbs per hectare, and generally can only breed for two years. Cultivate varieties in mountain areas to prevent degradation, the best variety is "monk head", with large root tuber and high yield.

3. Intercropping method

After the aconite was planted, it was immediately interplanted with bamboo shoots on one side of the border, planting a nest every 16 centimeters. In the following year, after the bamboo shoots were harvested at the end of April or early May, interplanting corn, planting a litter every 50 centimeters, leaving two seedlings in each hole, interplanting corn was only interplanted on the sunny side of the border, mainly for shade. After the aconite harvest, immediately sow cabbage on the border, there is no need to fertilize, each hectare can produce 52500 kg of cabbage. You can also plant late rice seedlings after aconite harvest, first send rice seedlings to other rice fields, one plant at a distance of 6 centimeters, and immediately irrigate and plant seedlings after aconite harvest at the end of July and the beginning of August. If the corn is not yet ripe, it can not be harvested temporarily, and if the water is shallow, seedlings can be planted in the border where the aconite is dug, which does not affect the final maturity of the corn. In this way, both food and medicine can be collected. For example, in 1976, Wugong Commune in Nanzheng County, Shaanxi Province, harvested 8250 kg of aconite per hectare, 4500 kg of corn and 3000 kg of late rice per hectare.

Field management

Strengthening management is the key to ensure high quality and high yield of Fuzi.

1. Root-fixing and sharpening

Root pruning was carried out twice, the first time when 4-5 leaves were grown in the first ten days of April, the soil near the plant was planed to reveal the mother root and the larger one attached to the inside of the mother root, one of the seedlings was left, and the rest of the aconite was removed. The second time in mid-May, planing 13-16 cm deep to expose the upper half of the aconite, cut off the new small aconite on the mother root and the fibrous root on the retained monkshood, leaving only one root below, so that the surface of the aconite is smooth, and be careful not to damage the mother root.

Hit the top: hit the top before applying fertilizer each time. After 3-5 days, axillary buds grow in the axils of the leaves of the plant, and take them away immediately, so that the nutrition is concentrated on the growth of aconite.

2. Weeding and topdressing

Aconite planting should be fine, except to keep the soil moist and loose, remove the grass when you see the grass, avoid stagnant water in summer, apply fertilizer for the first time when the seedling is 6cm high, apply 750kg of rotten cooked cake fertilizer per hectare, mix 37500 grams of dilute manure, and apply it between rows. The second fertilization was after the first root pruning, 1500 kg of rotten cake fertilizer and 37500 kg of dilute dung water were applied between every two plants. After the third fertilization, after the second root trimming, the amount of manure was increased between the two plants that were not applied last time. Pay attention to diseased plants, pull out and burn them when found, and make up for those who are missing seedlings.

3. Cultivate the soil

In order to prevent Rain Water from invading the root, reduce the root rot, lower the soil temperature and promote the root expansion, the soil on both sides of the border was put into the plant root to form a fish back when topdressing.

4. Irrigation and drainage

If encounter spring drought or soil is too dry, should timely watering, after the temperature rises, should irrigate early and late water, rainy season pay attention to drainage, prevent disorderly roots.

5. Harvesting and processing

The aconite was harvested in July of the following year. In case of continuous overcast and rain, the root is easy to rot and can be harvested in advance. Don't overtake the Beginning of Autumn at the latest. Leave the seed land and plant it as you dig in winter. Dig out the root with a hoe to remove the fibrous root soil, remove the aboveground stems and leaves to separate the aconite from the mother root, producing about 7500 kilograms of aconite per hectare. The mother root is sun-dried, and aconite contains aconitum, which is a highly toxic drug and must be processed before medication.