The latest technology of raising pigs: how to raise pigs, skills and secrets of raising pigs

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From a scientific pig farm in Yunlin, every pig grew up on Mozart and ate yogurt and feed instead of food leftovers. Tsai ing-wen personally fed these cute little pigs before the election.

As a result, they are all healthy and do not depend on antibiotics at all. Not only that, pigs only take a bath once in their lives, the only time before slaughtering. What is even more amazing is that after walking through the pigsty for a round, there is only pig smell and no smell. The separated urine and urine are used to generate electricity from biogas and supply the farm for its own use.

In this way, the ranchers no longer worry about being punished by the EPA, and after the sows are treated gently, the productivity increases greatly, which makes the owners laugh and the gluttons eat more at ease.

The traditional method of raising pigs should make a U-turn.

If they are "happy pigs", how do other pigs live? I believe many people have experience that whenever they walk through a pigsty, they have to stop breathing and speed up their passage. Neighbors who cannot escape have to knock on the door every day to protest or secretly report to the Environmental Protection Bureau.

Pig pens can stink to the sky, which has a lot to do with the way humans raise pigs. In that claustrophobic space, pigs eat, eat, scatter and sleep when they are hungry. They not only fall asleep in the dunghill, but also drink their own urine. Farmers have no choice but to wash every day, but still can not cover up the smell. There was no place to wash away the shit and urine, so I had to take advantage of the dark wind to discharge it into the river and accidentally received a ticket from the Environmental Protection Bureau.

In order to rectify the chaos, in 1993, the Animal production Test Institute of the Council of Agriculture began to promote the three-stage wastewater treatment method and to guide and subsidize pig farmers to set up biogas generators. The three stages means that pig manure and urine wastewater can not be released until it reaches the legal standard through three procedures of "solid-liquid separation", "anaerobic fermentation" and "aerobic fermentation". After microbial fermentation, pig manure and urine will become biogas, biogas residue and biogas slurry, that is, gas, solid and liquid.

Biogas contains methane, or natural gas, which can be burned directly or powered by turbines to generate electricity. Biogas residue and biogas slurry are rich in organic matter and can be used as composting raw materials or soil improvers.

However, more than 20 years later, most of the subsidized biogas generators have been shut down, because the biogas contains hydrogen sulfide, which will corrode the generator engine, while the early desulfurization technology is not mature, and farmers do not have the expertise in maintenance. After the machine is broken, few people are willing to spend any more money on repairs, which even makes many farmers leave a bad impression on biogas power generation.

On the other hand, pig farmers usually draw free groundwater to wash the environment, greatly diluting the organic matter in pig manure and urine, and if the anaerobic fermentation container is not sealed, so that biogas leaks out, it will not only be busy in vain, but also increase greenhouse gases.

Mixed bio-waste pig manure upgraded to gold

In fact, not to mention Taiwan, major biomass energy countries such as Germany, Sweden, and Denmark have also faced the problem of insufficient organic matter in livestock manure and urine, resulting in a poor rate of biogas production, but they all reconcile all kinds of biomass wastes to digest together to increase biogas production rate. and improve the quality of biogas residue and biogas slurry.

For example, about 80% of biogas factories in Germany are set up on farms to digest livestock manure and agricultural waste; half of biogas factories in Sweden use biomass waste and sewer sludge as common sources; Denmark mixes agricultural waste, food waste, raw and cooked kitchen waste, sewer sludge and so on. Today, Germany, with a population of 82 million, has 120biogas plants; Sweden, with a population of 9.6 million; Denmark, with a population of 5.6 million; and Taiwan, with only 23.

Frustrating as it is, Taiwan still has potential. According to the statistics of the Recycling Taiwan Foundation, in 2015, the feces and urine volume of pigs, cattle and chickens was about 15.43 million metric tons, agricultural waste was 6.25 million metric tons, and household kitchen waste treated by environmental protection units was 1.92 million metric tons, totaling about 23.6 million metric tons. If you add in the food and beverage industry food waste, food processing waste, human water and fertilizer, sewage sludge and so on, it will far exceed this figure.

However, at the present stage, it is a pity that most of Taiwan's biomass waste is "dehydrated." the only exception is the food waste that is used to feed pigs. But think about it: people pack the food waste for a whole day, take it out when the garbage truck comes, and then the cleaning team sends it to the transfer station, and the manufacturer takes it to the pasture. If you have to survive the high temperature of nearly 40 degrees in summer, it may also contain toothpicks, plastic bags, plastic wrap, etc., inevitably mixed with pork, and finally be eaten by your companions.

In order to put an end to the aftermath, the Government stipulated that food waste must be sterilized at high temperature, and hundreds of millions of dollars were spent on adding antibiotics and vaccination of foot-and-mouth disease. On the contrary, Europe and the United States strictly prohibit feeding food waste that has come into contact with meat to livestock. Taiwan also banned it more than a decade ago, but the policy had to go back to square one because pig farmers protested against rising costs.

The Recycling Taiwan Foundation believes that if we do not adopt de-treatment and feed food waste to pigs, but only recover 50% of the above-mentioned livestock manure, agricultural waste, food waste and other biological waste for anaerobic digestion, it will be able to build 160 centralized biomass energy centers, bring 64 billion yuan in plant investment opportunities, create 5000 local job opportunities, and follow up with income from the sale of electricity and fertilizer. In addition, as far as the environment is concerned, it can reduce the discharge of waste water into rivers, avoid stench and so on.

Several ways to achieve the circular economy of pig industry

At a time when there is an urgent need for transformation, Taiwan must redesign pig-raising methods to improve pork quality and pig breeding rate on the one hand, and to digest thorny wastes and increase environmental and economic benefits on the other. Like the owner of Happy Pig, as soon as he returned to Denmark, where there were more pigs than people, he decided to reorganize it.

He first converted it into a high-bed type, allowing pigs to move on iron racks, and feces and urine fell into the floor, usually as long as cleaning up the lower space, so as to reduce the extraction of groundwater and avoid diluting the organic matter in pig feces and urine. Then, install a suction nozzle for the drinking water, which will flow down when the mouth touches, so as to prevent the pigs from playing with the basin to waste water. In this way, the daily water consumption of a pig is reduced from 20 liters to 6 liters.

Using the high-bed pig-raising method to let the dung and urine fall into the floor, there is no need to wash the pigs with a large amount of groundwater every day. Source: circular Taiwan Foundation)

The cleaned sewage will flow downstream to the storage pond and then undergo anaerobic fermentation. On top of it, a red cloth bag will be put on it to collect the volatilized biogas, and then it will be sent to the boiler for burning through the pipeline for bathing water, drying clothes, and keeping warm for the pig house, and so on. The remaining biogas residue after fermentation is supplied to farmers for composting. In this way, the biogas, biogas slurry and biogas residue produced by pig manure and urine sewage are fully utilized to achieve the goal of circular economy.

The transformation costs about 1 million yuan, but an average of one sow can produce 26 weaned piglets a year, about twice as many as the average of 11 to 14 in Taiwan.

Next, they installed biogas generators and estimated that a big pig could produce 0.25 cubic meters of biogas per day, which could be converted into one kilowatt-hour of electricity per 0.7cubic meter, or 5357 kilowatt-hours a day with 10, 5000 heads. At present, the wholesale purchase price of biogas is NT $3.9211 per kilowatt-hour. Assuming it is all sold to Taiwan Power, it can be sold for about NT $480000 a month.

However, it costs so much to convert the pig house, can the average farmer afford it? Don't worry, innovation is not an one-person thing.

New forces in rural economy of pig-raising cooperatives

The scale of Taiwan's pig industry is generally small, with only 20% of pig houses with more than 1000 animals and 46% with less than 199, and nearly half of them. If each household sets up its own biogas generator, the cost is too high and it is not cost-effective.

However, we can jointly organize cooperatives, that is, we can invest together and choose a rural site to build a factory for unified slaughtering, fermentation, power generation, composting, inspection, transportation and marketing, and so on. In addition, such as the purchase of feed, control of drugs, loan modification, and so on, can also be in and out of the group.

The Recycling Taiwan Foundation estimates that it will cost about 55 million to build a biogas power plant with 10, 000 pigs, followed by electricity sales and fertilizer revenue. In addition, if we further collect the biomass waste in the whole countryside, we can first analyze the material characteristics of different wastes, give priority to extraction, produce products with high value or meet the market demand, and bring multiple benefits to the rural areas. According to the concept of "Pyramid of Biomass value" (Biomass Value Pyramid), the values of these finished products are ranked from high to low: drugs, food, feed, fertilizers, chemicals, fuels and so on.

As mentioned above, this redesign of the entire industrial chain will not only improve the pig environment, but also further show the multiple benefits of circular economy. For example, in the environment, in order to increase the organic concentration of pig manure and urine for biogas power generation, it is necessary to reduce the amount of water used to flush pig houses, thus avoiding over-pumping of groundwater. In order to improve the commercial value of biogas residue and biogas slurry and sell excellent fertilizers, copper and zinc cannot be added to the feed, thus reducing heavy metal pollution.

In addition, in the economic aspect, the series industry upstream and downstream is not only easier to check pork quality, profits also return to farmers, but also can create multiple employment opportunities. All these have witnessed the use of the circular economy of pig farms to create a high-quality and highly competitive local economic industry.

Now to take the first step, large pig farmers can take the lead in recruiting members, or rural residents can unite to seek investment from the government and enterprises. As for the role of the government, in addition to appropriate subsidies, efforts can also be made to disclose information, develop technology, improve testing methods, and so on, so as to create a support system for transformation. For example, the Council of Agriculture has recently planned to provide low-interest loans to help pig farmers improve their equipment and environment and promote biogas power generation. When the government has supporting measures, it can also further attract investment from upstream and downstream enterprises and promote the transformation of the pig industry as a whole.

History can be used for reference. Vikings who started as pirates still have the same consciousness of "sharing treasure." 150 years ago, cooperatives for pig farming, farming, consumption, and wind power generation were developed in Denmark, and residents have long been accustomed to the model of collective funding and profit sharing. It seems that the future of Taiwan's pig industry may lie in these small rural areas.