The trouble caused by the feed database

At the end of this post, the annoyance caused by Han Youwen in editing the feed database at 13:37 on 2009-11-25 Han Youwen in the "nutritional formula" column of the forum, many people are looking for their favorite "feed data", with emphasis on confirming the "effective energy value" of feed. Most of them are feed formulators (formulators), and there are a few "formula software developers" who want to match their work. When it is found that the feed data are not satisfactory, complaints are often reflected in posts, and sometimes individual scolding posts can be seen: "what have so many professors and doctors been doing all day?" Even China's own feed database can't be compiled! " It seems that "salt is so salty"? "vinegar is so sour"? About the origin of the database? It should be carefully studied! No data can "fall from the sky". It can only be obtained by analysis, measurement and statistics. Unless the commonweal act of state publishes the "feed database", generally speaking, there is no [free lunch]. Who has seen the feed enterprises revise and develop their own exact "feed data" and publish them free of charge for others to use? The most common is China's "feed database", which lists more than 80 kinds of feed and lacks forage data. In addition, the feed database of the United States NRC is relatively complete, and the corresponding databases of Britain, France, Japan and other countries can also be found. However, this kind of official feed database is a widely representative average, that is, the so-called "road goods". It is not easy to match the caliber of some specific feed specifically used in our country. According to the average given in the database, can feed enterprises and aquaculture industry match their own raw materials when they are used for their own formula work? It is the most troublesome thing that people scratch their heads. Due to the lack of practical skills in animal nutrition and feed science, it is inevitable that there is no confidence in how to revise the data to make it in line with the current situation and conditions. The difficulties in the feed database do not lie in those conventional ingredients (several thicker) and other laboratory determination items (amino acids and vitamins). As long as there are instruments and equipment, standard methods, and serious analysis and determination, given some funds and time, the data will be obtained, and the error will not be very large. Feed data also focus on its effective emergy for various types of animals. That is, according to the current requirements: digestible energy [DE] or metabolic energy [ME] for pigs, metabolic energy [ME] for birds, net energy [NE] for ruminants, and total energy [GE] for aquatic fish and shrimp. The same feed for animals of the same name, due to species, sex, age differences, sometimes the effective energy can not be used, for example, ruminant cows, beef cattle, sheep; poultry chickens, geese, rare birds. Generally speaking, energy [GE] is the easiest to measure. Digestible energy [DE] and metabolic energy [ME] are relatively simple compared with net energy [NE], and can be achieved by animal measurement. However, the net energy value of feed and forage to ruminants (dairy cows, beef cattle, sheep), except for the [fat accumulation net energy] of a limited number of feeds measured by the German Kellner School in the first half of the last century, there is no case so far. In a substantial sense, the milk production net energy [NEL] or weight gain net energy [NEg] of feed or forage grass have been measured. The effective energy value of feed is different from its analytical data, it is reflected in the interaction between feed and animals. Therefore, the effective emergy measured on behalf of animals is only common in the animal groups they represent. Unlike the analysis of conventional ingredients or other measured values of feed, it is the property of feed itself and is the same for all animals. The current situation of feed data is that the composition of traditional "old" feed changes greatly due to breeding selection, such as high-oil corn, high-protein and high-lysine corn, high-oil and high-protein genetically modified soybeans, various polyploid hybrid crops and so on. The effective energy value of its own and processed by-products is obviously different from that of the feed of the same name before. In addition, the processing of grain and agricultural products is refined, and there are a wide variety of processing by-products such as food, brewing, fruit juices, and so on. If you want to obtain its feed data, including laboratory analysis and effective energy, you usually have to start from scratch, because there is still a lot of blank here. It seems that the establishment of a relatively complete and applicable feed database is indeed a long way to go. From the leaders in charge to the relevant scholars and enterprise elites, no one can come up with a feasible plan. What should I do? Let's discuss it! -- looking forward to a new breakthrough in ruminant nutrition and feed research in China-- this confusion has existed for a long time. This is the biggest worry for our feed formula technicians!-- not bad. A lot of people have the same problem! -if funds permit. Using near infrared analysis should be a good method.-- current near infrared detection methods Is the most advanced, it is fast and accurate, but the key is to have a set of standard database support. In addition, the model of nutritional needs of animals, at present, dairy cows and laying hens are more mature, pigs still need to try their best to improve. -- this problem cannot be solved completely for the time being. from the point of view of the detection means, the original conventional method is too slow. at present, it seems that near-infrared is the best choice for field application, but near-infrared detection has a good effect on homogeneous materials. however, it is not easy for ordinary feed to achieve homogenization. And as Dr. Wang said, it also needs standard data to support it. The measurement of effective energy is not realistic in real production, and the highest level of energy measurement technology can do is metabolic energy, which may not be understood by those who advocate net energy for formulation all the time. In fact, the measured significance of the effective emergy of conventional feed is not as great as imagined, and the reason is very simple. The emergy of raw materials ultimately comes from the content of energetic nutrients in feed (mainly reflected in sugar, fat and protein). And these indicators can be reflected through the existing detection methods, therefore, the so-called database problem. It's more like the problem of raw material control-database. Core-- testing and setting up our own database according to our own raw material purchasing channels-- this is what our company is like-- one aspect of aquatic products is environmental factors. At present, the method of digestibility is still controversial, one is that there are too many varieties and different stages of the same variety. There is a long way to go. Looking forward to working together with my colleagues!