Technical measures to improve the fecundity of sows in winter

To do well the management of sow reproduction in winter and improve the survival rate of sows is the key to achieve high yield and high efficiency of sows. For many years, in the process of breeding and raising sows in winter, due to the low level of technology and facilities, the birth rate and survival rate have been seriously affected. The study on strengthening the management of late pregnancy and improving the birth weight of piglets showed that the embryo began to develop rapidly after 80 days of pregnancy and matured completely on 110 days. The size of birth weight is directly related to the survival rate and growth of piglets after birth, that is, people say: birth weight difference of one or two, weaning weight difference of 500g, weight difference of 5kg. Therefore, in order to promote the rapid development of fetus, increase birth weight and ensure the nutritional reserve of sows during lactation, it is necessary to increase the quality and quantity of feed after 80 days of pregnancy. The selection of raw materials should focus on feed rich in calcium, protein and fat. Cooked soybean is the best choice of dietary composition for sows, which is not only the source of high quality protein, but also the way of fat supply. The addition of fat to the diet of sows can increase the level of ketogenic substances in plasma and increase the metabolism of sows in the way of glucose distribution effect for the development and utilization of the fetus, and at the same time increase the energy reserve of the fetus, so as to improve the survival rate of piglets. Pettigrew (1981) pointed out that feeding sows with a diet supplemented with fat during late pregnancy and lactation can increase milk yield and the level of milk fat in colostrum and normal milk, thus improving the survival rate and weaning weight of piglets. Therefore, in the third trimester of pregnancy, the daily feed supply should be increased to 3kg~3.5kg depending on individual body weight and physical condition, and energy feed should account for 30%-35%, soybeans 6%-8%, cake meal about 10%, and the rest should be supplemented with bran. The nutritional level of the diet requires DE ≥ 3.1MJ to make kg ≥, CP ≥ 16% to ≥ 0.8%. Vitamins and trace elements should be added, and the ratio of calcium and phosphorus should be balanced, especially sodium selenite, which plays a preventive role in improving the immunity of piglets and reducing the occurrence of diarrhea. Sodium selenite VE emulsion 10ml can be injected intramuscularly in prenatal 15d~20d of sows. The ambient temperature required by piglets and lactating sows is different by controlling the temperature in the house and creating a comfortable environment for sows. The optimum temperature for newborn piglets is more than 32 ℃, while that for sows is between 15 ℃ and 18 ℃. If the house temperature is simply raised to more than 30 ℃, although it meets the requirements of piglets, on the one hand, it increases the cost of heating and heat preservation, on the other hand, it also brings negative effects on the lactation and feeding of sows, and increases the content of harmful gases in the house. Therefore, how to form a climate of 15 ℃ ~ 18 ℃ for sows and more than 30 ℃ for piglets with good ventilation and sufficient light is an important measure to do a good job in sow management. In this regard, all localities have explored a lot of experience. Some have played a certain role in lighting the stove in the pig house, some in the fire wall and hanging light bulbs in the house, but the most simple and economical measure suitable for application in rural areas is the plastic greenhouse plus piglet incubator method. Specific requirements: piggery as far as possible to sit north to south, good lighting, leeward to the sun. In order to increase the daylighting area, the greenhouse should have a certain Radian, choose the plastic for the greenhouse without dripping film, and place the incubator in the dry and convenient corner of the house. The area of the box is about 80cm × 80cm, and the box is heated by 250W~500W far-infrared bulb or infrared heater. Adjust the temperature according to the height of the heater from the ground. Note that the heater line must be fixed against the wall to prevent the sow arch from being electrocuted. When the sow stock in the house is small and the body heat dissipation is small, the furnace fire can be used to heat properly; when there is enough breeding in the house, the reliable body radiates heat for heating. The practice shows that the 15 litter houses in North China only rely on perfect plastic greenhouse to keep warm. Under the condition of no heat source supplement, the temperature in the sow heat house can be maintained in the range of 10 ℃ ~ 16 ℃, and the temperature in the incubator can be controlled above 30 ℃. The method to measure the temperature suitability of piglets: when the temperature is appropriate, the piglets automatically return to the incubator after feeding, lie apart and do not pile up. When the temperature is too high, the piglet head sticks out of the incubator or is crowded at the exit. When the temperature is too low, the piglets overlap under the heat source and compete for the direct position of the heat source. In the practice of properly applying hormone preparations to induce sows to give birth during the day, more than 70% of sows give birth at night. Giving birth at night, there are many difficulties in management, many farmers due to poor management, resulting in more than half of the phenomenon of piglet disability occurs from time to time. If sows can give birth during the day, it is not only easy to monitor and manage, but also easy to increase the temperature in the house, which plays a significant role in improving the survival rate of piglets. Chloroprostol is an analogue of prostaglandin F2a, which can strongly dissolve corpus luteum, stimulate female uterus and relax cervical muscles, and the success rate of inducing sows to give birth is more than 95%. The test showed that 0.05mg~0.1mg, which was injected intramuscularly at about 8 ∶ 00 in the morning, could give birth at about 12:00 at noon the next day, and there was no obvious side effect. Early control of common diseases to ensure the healthy development of mothers and postpartum lochia is one of the main causes of postpartum anorexia or postpartum anorexia syndrome in sows to prevent and control birth canal inflammation as early as possible, and it is the primary task in the management of sows. The specific methods were as follows: at the end of delivery or the beginning of placenta excretion, intramuscular injection of long-acting penicillin 1.2 million IU2 / 100kg body weight, antongding 10ml~15ml, dexamethasone sodium phosphate 10mg, oxytocin 20IU~40IU. When the sows were anorexic or anorexic and no lochia was excreted within 3 days after delivery, the sows were treated with ① quick-acting appetizer Zengshiling 5ml ~ 10ml, compound bile An injection 10ml, intramuscular injection twice a day for 3 days, and ③ combined with VB injection 5ml and bisequolin injection 5ml, once intramuscular injection, twice a day for 3 days. If there is still lochia within 3 days after delivery, you can choose: ① 10% concentrated saline to wash the uterus, then injected with gentamicin 160000 I-U, or ciprofloxacin injection 10ml; ② 1% potassium permanganate aqueous solution to rinse the uterus, drain the flushing solution and inject antibiotics. Early eating colostrum, timely iron supplement, early control of yellow and white dysentery colostrum protein content is very high, of which 60% to 70% are immunoglobulins, as piglets are born without innate immunity, immunity can be obtained only after eating colostrum. At birth, the intestinal epithelium of piglets was in a primitive state and had the function of absorbing macromolecular immunoglobulins, which began to decrease after 6 hours and almost lost this function after 12 hours. Therefore, eating colostrum early and eating enough colostrum is an effective measure to improve the disease resistance of piglets. In practice, the mucus in the body and mouth of piglets is often wiped clean, and the umbilical cord is disinfected to assist lactation, so that every newborn piglet should eat enough colostrum. For individual piglets with weak physique and weak strength, they should first remove the mucus from their mouth, dry the fetal fluid, and drip 10ml~15ml with 50% warm glucose solution. Then bake it in a 35 ℃ heat source and eat colostrum after its mental state is good. It should be artificially assisted to eat enough milk in the next few days. Fixed nipple is not only an effective method to achieve balanced development of piglets, but also an effective measure to prevent piglets from fighting for milk. The fixed nipple should be adjusted in accordance with the wishes of piglets, only for individual weak piglets, and it is appropriate for other piglets not to compete for the same nipple. The weak usually choose to be fixed on the first two or three pairs of nipples. Timely iron supplement and early prevention of yellow and white dysentery at the age of 3 days, selenium-containing animal blood element should be used to supplement iron in time. Methods: subcutaneous injection of 1ml into the medial posterior thigh could prevent iron deficiency anemia and diarrhea in piglets. If there is a threat of yellow and white dysentery in the field, 0.4m/ (long-acting sulfonamide preparation, the main component of SMM, TMP) can be injected intramuscularly at the same time, and 0.5ml/ head can be injected once after 3 days, which can generally pass through the dangerous period safely. Timely feeding and early feeding is an effective measure to improve the weaning weight of piglets. The scientific feeding time should start from 7 days old, but with patience. Peel off the mouth one by one and apply the paste to the root of the tongue to taste the food. Several times a day, when they have the desire to eat by themselves, they can put the supplement in the feeding dregs and let them lick it freely. Sows began to diet 2 days before parturition, and on the day of litter birth, they were fed with only 1 prime 3 normal feed. On the same day after delivery, light salt bran skin soup was fed. The scientific arrangement of sow diet and the improvement of milk yield are the result of the joint action of feed quality and diet. The investigation of rural farm households showed that the effect of postpartum atherosclerotic feeding of sows was better than that of dry and wet feeding, and the effect of four times a day was better than that of twice a day. The general principles are as follows: feeding begins on the second day after delivery and is given a constant amount at the age of 5 days. Before this, do not eat too much and hurt the stomach, wait for its function to gradually restore before feeding. The amount of dry feed per day should be greater than 4.5kg. According to the principle of not wasting feed, feed should be fed 3 ~ 4 times a day to increase the feed intake of sows as much as possible. During the peak period of lactation, the feed intake had better reach more than 6kg, and the daily feed intake was gradually reduced to about 3kg before weaning. During lactation, the crude protein content of ≥ 17%, lysine ≥ 0.85%, digestible energy ≥ 3.2MJ/kg, if you can add about 4% oil, or 10% ripened soybean effect is better, can increase the milk fat rate. Timely weaning and increasing the number of litters of sows sooner or later will directly affect the fecundity of sows. However, weaning too early can easily lead to increased mortality and slow growth and development of piglets. Too late weaning reduces the fecundity of sows. Therefore, the appropriate weaning time is a fulcrum to adjust the economic benefits of raising pigs. In the practice of feeding in rural areas, it is best to determine the weaning age according to the birth time and the individual weight of piglets, which should be more than 30 days old and the individual weight should be less than 8kg. If the above work is relatively solid, generally weaning can be carried out at the age of 35 days. When weaning, be sure to catch up with the mother and keep the piglets in the original circle for a week, and then turn around. -- xiexie. Top it up-- very good information, but be sure to pay attention to the effective temperature.