Choline and choline chloride

1 the choline code name vitamin B4 can be produced in the process of animal metabolism. Therefore, a considerable number of scholars do not advocate it as vitamins. However, choline has been paid more and more attention as an additive in feed because of its important role in nerve and fat metabolism as a methyl donor. Choline naturally exists in green plants, cereals, legumes and yeast. It is rich in fish meal, meat and bone meal and visceral meal. Feed supplies are choline hydrochloride, usually called choline chloride, and aqueous solution is a viscous liquid. A powdered product containing 50% choline chloride can be prepared by adding 70% aqueous solution of choline chloride to excipient and dispersing agents such as human wheat, rice husk powder or silica. Choline chloride and powder products containing 50% choline chloride are easy to absorb moisture if they are not sealed or packed and isolated, so they should be sealed and dried. Choline chloride can destroy vitamins A, D, E and other vitamins of B group, so it should not be directly added to the premix of human vitamins. Choline chloride is measured in units of weight. 2Chemical structure and molecular weight of choline (Choline): C5H15ON02, molecular weight: 121.16; molecular formula of choline chloride (Choline Chloride): C5H14NOCL, molecular weight: 139.63. Its structural formula is shown in figure 1. According to the molecular weight of the pure product, the equivalent amount of choline chloride is only equivalent to 121.16 ≈ 139.63 ≈ 87% of dry choline, that is, 139.63 × 121.16 ≈ 1.15 times the amount of choline chloride can replace choline per unit of forest. It is also believed that the conversion relationship between choline chloride and choline should be 039.63-35.45) / 139.63 ≈ 75%. 139.63 / (139.63-35.45 ≈) 1.34 times of choline chloride is needed instead of choline per unit. The successful metabolic function of animals is not considered here, and only the molecular components of choline provided by choline chloride after removal of Cl are calculated, which is divorced from the reality of animal nutrition. 3 physiological function and physiological function of choline in deficiency: ① choline is necessary for the synthesis of all kinds of phospholipids (lecithin, lecithin, neurolecithin). Make up the cell membrane and lipoprotein to maintain the normal structure and function of the cell. Participate in the formation and maturation of cartilage matrix; ② choline is an important participant and regulatory substance in the synthesis, metabolism and transport of liver and body fat; ③ choline is an important component in the synthesis of acetylcholine and plays an important role in neural signal transduction; ④ choline is similar to methionine and betaine in metabolism and can provide methyl for biochemical processes. Choline deficiency may lead to: fat metabolism disorder, liver steatosis (fatty liver syndrome); ② bone and joint distortion, chicken slippery leg disease and bone shortness; ③ animal growth retardation, leading to high mortality of young livestock and poultry. (4) choline content in feed and animal requirement: choline nutritional requirement of pigs and chickens (mgkg in air-dried diet) 500 for adult chickens, 1300 for chicks, 800 for growing chickens, 600-300 for piglets, 1250 for pregnant sows, 1000 for lactating sows and boars. Yao Shangkui-- Thank you for being so useful-- Thank you very much. It's very useful. Yes, it is written in more detail! -- Thank you. Valuable.-- Thank you. That's very useful.-- very good. Give me some support. I hope everyone will discuss its optimal dosage.-- there is so much to learn.-- 50% choline chloride is used in the full price feed for chicks. The addition amount is nearly 3.5 kilograms. That's a lot! -- very practical, thank you very much. I am looking for this information-- to add some information: choline content (mg/kg) in common feed: corn > 400; sorghum > 600. Wheat > 1000; bran bran > 1000; soybean cake > 2000; rapeseed cake > 6000; fresh brewer's grains > 2000; fresh beet dregs > 800; alfalfa meal > 1000; fish meal > 3000; meat and bone meal > 2000; blood meal > 900; skim milk powder > 800; Note: information comes from the network, for reference only. Thank you!