Master the law of fertilizer requirement of big cherry and apply fertilizer correctly to obtain high yield of cherry

In recent years, the planting area of big cherry with good benefit has gradually expanded. In the process of cultivation, how to apply fertilizer to ensure good quality and high yield of big cherry?

Cherry topdressing

First, the cherry needs fertilizer period: the cherry growth period is short, needs fertilizer quickly, concentrated. Sprouting, leaf spreading, flowering and fruit development to maturity are concentrated from April to June, and flower buds differentiate in a short period after harvest, so the nutritional status of trees before overwintering directly affects the growth and development of trees. Therefore, it is necessary to apply base fertilizer in autumn, topdressing at flowering and fruit stage and after cherry harvest. The application of base fertilizer in early autumn is generally carried out in August and September, when the fertilizer effect is brought into full play, the accumulation of nutrients is increased, and it is conducive to flowering and fruiting.

According to the law of cherry fertilizer requirement, topdressing can be divided into three times: first, pre-flowering fertilizer, mainly nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, timely supplement nutrition, promote flower bud germination and spring shoot growth; second, strong fruit fertilizer, mainly nitrogen and potassium fertilizer, combined with phosphate fertilizer, promote cherry expansion, reduce physiological fruit drop, improve fruit quality and supplement tree nutrition; third, cherry pre-coloring fertilizer, mainly quick-acting potash fertilizer, applied 20-25 days before harvest The fourth is to replenish fertilizer after fruit harvest, mainly to quick-acting fertilizer, preferably compound fertilizer.

Second, the amount of fertilizer applied to cherries

The main results are as follows: 1. The law of fertilizer demand: Cherry has a large demand for nitrogen and potassium, and the quantity is similar, but the demand for phosphorus is less. The suitable ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1015 1.5-10:12. In addition, the demand ratio of calcium, magnesium and sulfur for cherry is 1.4-2.4-0.8-0.2-0.4. These elements play an important role in improving the quality of cherries, especially calcium, which can prevent big cherry fruit cracking, improve cherry hardness, prolong supply period, reduce physiological diseases during storage, increase stress resistance of cherries and trees, and reduce frost injury during flowering.

2. Nutrient content of cherry fruit: according to research and determination, for every 100kg cherry production, it is necessary to absorb 1.04kg of pure nitrogen, 0.14kg of pure phosphorus and 1.37kg of pure potassium, plus root, branch and leaf growth needs, Rain Water leaching, soil fixation, medium soil fertility of cherry orchards, annual fertilizer application should be 2-3 times of cherry yield.

3. Nutritional content of normal cherry leaves: normal cherry trees, the main elements in leaf dry matter are: nitrogen 2.33-3.27%, phosphorus 0.23-0.32%, potassium 1.25-1.92%, calcium 1.62-2.60%, magnesium 0.49-0.74%. The contents of trace elements are: sulfur 124150mg / kg, iron 11920mg / kg, manganese 44-60mg / kg, boron 38-54mg / kg, zinc 20-50mg / kg, copper 8-28mg / kg, molybdenum 0.5-1mg / kg. According to diagnostic analysis, if it is lower than the above content, it should be fattened in time to avoid element deficiency. The appropriate amount of various fertilizers should be determined according to the yield level of specific cherry orchards. The formula fertilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can obviously promote the high and stable yield of cherry.

4. basic application amount of organic fertilizer: organic fertilizer can improve soil, increase soil fertility, reduce environmental pollution, improve cherry quality, improve cherry color, brightness, hardness and sugar content. Each high-yielding cherry was fertilized with 150-200 kg of fermented pig and chicken manure.

5. Spraying trace element fertilizer: due to deficiency, appropriate supplement of boron, zinc, magnesium and other elements. Spraying 0.3% borax solution at flowering stage can promote floral organ development and increase fruit setting rate. After setting fruit, spraying 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution has obvious effect on increasing the sugar content and coloring of cherries.

Third, the method of fertilizing cherry

According to the characteristics of cherry fertilizer requirement and fertilizer characteristics, the base fertilizer should be applied. First of all, make a bed for the tree plate, spread the organic fertilizer on the surface of the tree plate, and water it immediately, 100 kg per plant.

The advantages of applying base fertilizer are: first, the absorption area is large, the utilization rate is high; second, the nutrient is not easy to lose, and the effect is good; third, the soil is loose and not hardened. Foliar spraying is generally used to apply fertilizer outside the root, so that nutrients are absorbed directly by leaves, efficiently and quickly, mainly urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea concentration is 0.3-0.5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate concentration is 0.3%, spraying from top to bottom, back and front should be sprayed, leaves and fruits are not dripping.

Note: Cherry is a chlorine-free tree, so potassium sulfate should be used for potash fertilizer, not potassium chloride.