Sowing and cultivation techniques of Spring Peanut in South China before and after the Spring Equinox

Before and after the Spring Equinox is the spring peanut cultivation and sowing season in Shanghang area of Fujian Province. According to the cultivation experience over the years, talk about the sowing and cultivation techniques of spring peanut:

Peanut sowing

1. Fine soil preparation and adequate base fertilizer: for the cultivation of spring peanuts, sandy soil should be selected, requiring high soil fertility and convenient drainage and irrigation. 5300 kg of high-quality farm fertilizer, 50 kg of ternary compound fertilizer and 1 kg of boron fertilizer should be applied per mu. After ploughing, raking and leveling, according to the border width 1.7m, ditch depth 02m, open ditch to do border, so that ditch border communication.

2. The local varieties with high and stable yield should be selected: strong resistance, short growth period, suitable for close planting, high and stable yield, 300 kilograms per unit area, local red peanuts propagated in autumn in Xingning, Guangdong, or white peanuts in Zhangpu, Guangdong.

3. Pre-sowing treatment: full nuts were selected for seed, and before sowing, sunning was carried out for 1-2 days. Peanut shelling should not be too early, and the closer to the sowing time, the better. Dressing seeds with 50% carbendazim wettable powder or 40% mixed seed Ling wettable powder according to 0.3%-0.5% of seed weight can effectively prevent rotting roots and dead seedlings; seed dressing with 50% phoxim emulsion according to 0.2% of seed amount can control underground pests in peanut seedling stage.

4. Timely sowing: according to the temperature and sowing habits of our county, it is best to sow before and after the Spring Equinox. Sowing at this time can prolong the vegetative growth period of peanuts, ensure that peanuts blossom at the most suitable temperature (23-28 ℃) and bear pods at the most suitable temperature (25-30 ℃), which is beneficial to the high yield of peanuts.

⑴ sowing method: sowing in open field, ⑵ reasonable and close planting, suitable planting density of peanut depends on climate, soil fertility, variety and cultivation conditions. According to the soil fertility of peanuts in various parts of our county, it is suggested that reasonable close planting should be made, about 10,000 holes per mu and two grains per hole; the sowing depth of ⑶ peanuts should be 3~5cm, the sandy soil or sandy land should be deeper, and the deepest cultivation in open field should not exceed 6cm, and whether it is shallower than 3cm.

5. Topdressing: topdressing of peanuts should be determined according to soil fertility, application rate of base fertilizer and growth status of peanuts. The topdressing of ⑴ at seedling stage was applied before the first flowering stage, mainly nitrogen fertilizer and combined phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Generally, 15-20kg compound fertilizer was applied per mu, soil sprinkled or ditched strip application; ⑵ topdressing at flowering stage after peanut flowering, 20kg superphosphate per mu and 250kg high-quality ring fertilizer were applied per mu to improve peanut phosphorus and calcium nutrition and increase yield significantly; ⑶ foliar spraying fertilizer, peanut growth and development in the later stage, root senescence, foliar spraying effect, foliar spraying nitrogen fertilizer, peanut absorption and utilization rate of more than 50% Foliar spraying phosphate fertilizer can quickly transfer to the pod and promote the pod to be full and full. In the later stage of peanut growth, 200 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu, 60 kilograms of water, foliar spraying, it is best to spray 3 times every 7 days.

6. Strengthen field management and control diseases and insect pests: gather seedlings 15-20 days after peanut sowing. When cotyledons are flat, replant the fields with missing seedlings and broken ridges in time. Timely ploughing and weeding, clearing ditches and discharging stains after rain, maintaining soil permeability and increasing soil temperature are conducive to the early formation of rhizobium and the early development of strong seedlings. Pay attention to the prevention and control of leaf spot, aphids and other diseases and insect pests in the middle and later stages of peanut.