Miscellaneous bacteria infection leads to mildew and rot of Tremella fuciformis how to prevent disease when growing Tremella in spring

Most of the Tremella cultivated in spring are caused by green mold, and some of them are polluted by Rhizopus and Mucor, while Alternaria are rarely. Green mold, Mucor and Rhizopus often occurred at the edge of the inoculation hole of the bacterial bag, or appeared at the front of the mycelium or on the wall of the bag 10 days after inoculation. Green mold also occurs on the fruiting body, making the ear pieces mildew. Alternaria often occurs in the gap in the mouth of the bag. The main reasons are incomplete sterilization of material bag, lax aseptic operation, perforation of bag membrane, impure infection of bacteria, environmental pollution and so on.

Manufacture of Tremella bag

To avoid contamination by miscellaneous bacteria from Tremella fuciformis, do several things:

1. Purify the environment of the mushroom room: often clean the environment and disinfect it with lime powder: before cultivation in the room, strictly disinfect and sterilize to put an end to pollution sources.

2. Select raw and auxiliary materials: cottonseed hull and wheat bran are required to be free of caking, mildew and deterioration, and sterilized in the hot sun, and the quality of cultivation bags is tested in advance.

3. Standardize the production of bacterial bags: the water content of the culture material is not more than 60%, and when bagged on the stove, it is not more than 6 hours to prevent the material from becoming sour. Sterilization should be kept at 100 ℃ for 24 hours without cooling.

4. Adhere to aseptic operation: inoculation room should be thoroughly disinfected and sterilized, qualified disinfectant can be used, super clean essence can be used, water is added to each bag with 10mur20kg, spray space, bed, site, and then use disinfection box, not less than 5g per cubic meter, sterilization time 1 hour. Inoculation requires alcohol lamp flame.

5. The strain should be strictly checked. Among the selected strains, the ash hyphae of Tremella fuciformis in spring is stronger to avoid the influence of low temperature ash removal on mycelium growth after inoculation. Copy bacteria to pay attention to disinfection according to the seed box, transport bacteria anti-breaking bottle unplug.

6. Pollution bag treatment: pollution bag differential treatment: mild pollution, bag binding, control of spread, and then sterilization and inoculation; for heavy cases, break the bag and mix well with 1% lime, then spread out for 24 hours, and then use it for next cultivation. The fruiting bodies contaminated by green mold should be harvested in advance and the ear base should be smeared with the liquid liquid on PH8 lime to control the spread.

2. Elimination of pests:

1. Bacteria mosquitoes: mainly small bacteria mosquitoes. Prevention and control measures: often clean the environment, sprinkle lime powder to disinfect; install screen on doors and windows, spray pyrethrum liquid or 2000 times liquid of Yitaibao regularly; install black light trap. During the peak period, limit the use of low-toxic, low-residue pesticides, such as Regent 3000 times liquid spray to kill, can also ignite mosquito incense or fumigate with crushed sanitary pills.

2. Mites: also known as fungus lice, there are many varieties, common mite and acaroid mites. Prevention and control measures: the raw mushroom is far away from the warehouse and exposed to the sun before use; the environment is kept clean; disinfect the bacterial bag before opening, spray 3000 times of chlorpromax one day in advance, then set the room temperature to 20 ℃, close the doors and windows to disinfect the empty room, and then remove the smell of medicine and open the tape. When the fruiting body in the early stage of growth encounters mite damage, lay the fresh tobacco leaves next to the bacterial bag, induce the mites to gather on the leaves, then take them out and burn them with fire: you can also grind the tea seed cake into powder, stir-fry until the oil is fragrant, spread it in the pot when it is fragrant with oil, sprinkle it on the harm of mites, and take it out after trapping it, and burn it to death with boiling water. Spray 20% amitraz EC 1000 mi 1500 times under no circumstances.

Tremella diseases and insect pests

3. Nematode control: medium sterilization thoroughly, water source should be tested, mushroom room should be disinfected in advance, spray water should not be too wet, and pay attention to ventilation. If nematodes appear in the mushroom room, you can spray 2 Murray 3 times in a cool day with 0.5% lime water or 1% salt water and disinfect it with lime powder. Long ear disease spot sprinkled with 1% glacial acetic acid or 25% rice vinegar solution.

Third, disease prevention and control:

1. Powdery mildew: also known as white rot, the pathogen is Alternaria. Prevention and control measures: strengthen the ventilation and humidity of the mushroom room, spray lime-sulfur mixture when young ears occur, and harvest in advance, scrape off the roots with a sharp knife, smear 4% carbolic acid solution on the ear base, and fumigate with 50% mildew powder in the evening.

2. Ossification: the pathogen Fusarium solanum. Prevention and control methods: raw material exposure, ingredient water content less than 60%; before opening, spraying 50% dichlorvos EC 1000 times; after cutting film and expanding hole, space humidity does not exceed 80%; when young ear stage occurs, PH8 lime supernatant can be sprayed, harvested ahead of time, and soaked in 5% lime water before drying.

3. Heidi head: prevention and treatment methods: hair bacteria culture is not more than 28 ℃, open at the right time, cut film and expand acupoints to increase oxygen, promote mycelium normal metabolism; in young ear stage, spraying water should be less, not excessive, prevent ear base stagnant water: pay attention to ventilation and ventilation at the same time.

4, rotten ear: prevention and treatment: prevent the culture medium from becoming sour, pay attention to heat dissipation after material bag sterilization, and prevent overtemperature by bacteria culture. Tremella stage, control 23 ℃ 25 min, timely ventilation, proper amount of water spray, space relative humidity 85% RH 95%. Young ears found rotten ears, timely removal, digging, smearing limewater, and then spraying 1000 methyl thiophanate solution; ear mold, harvest in advance, and foam 25% thiram 1500 times solution to control the spread of pathogens.