The benefit of small watermelon as gift melon is good. Cultivation techniques of watermelon in greenhouse in early spring

Small watermelon, also known as pocket watermelon, mini watermelon, tender meat, less fiber, sweet taste, easy to carry, is a kind of high-grade gift melon, favored by consumers. The price is high and the economic benefit is considerable. There are five points for small watermelons to be cultivated in greenhouse in early spring:

Watermelon management in early spring

First, variety selection: generally choose early-maturing, disease-resistant, high-yield, high-quality watermelon varieties, such as Hong Xiaoyu, Texiaofeng, Black Beauty, early Spring Ruby, Xiaoyu, Yangchun, Chunguang and so on.

Second, stubble arrangement: greenhouse cultivation is the main cultivation mode of small watermelon in early spring. Multi-layer mulching such as small arch greenhouse and plastic film are carried out in the greenhouse to improve the ground temperature and air temperature as much as possible. The suitable sowing time is from late January to early February, and from late February to early March (3 leaves). It can be harvested from March to May when there is relatively little precipitation and sufficient light, and the yield is high.

Third, cultivate strong seedlings: after soaking seeds to promote germination, the rootstock calabash is sown in a nutrition bowl or point dish. After about 7 days, the cotyledons of cucurbit seedlings are separated, and when the true leaves have been exposed, watermelon seeds are seeded. When the first true leaf of gourd seedling is semi-unfolded and the true leaf of watermelon is exposed, split grafting is the most suitable method. After 20 days, the grafted seedlings can be planted when they grow 2-3 true leaves.

Fourth, timely planting: select the land with low groundwater level, high dryness, good drainage and no melon planting in 3 years to plant watermelon.

1. Apply enough base fertilizer. Small watermelon has high planting density, more stubble, long harvest time and large amount of fertilizer, so base fertilizer should be re-applied, generally 6 cubic meters of mature organic fertilizer and 50 kg ternary compound fertilizer per mu. Open a deep ditch with an average row spacing of 2.25 m. The ditch is 50 cm wide and 40 cm deep. Half of the excavated soil is backfilled, 70% organic fertilizer is applied, 70% organic fertilizer is applied, and water is poured to make soil moisture, then the remaining soil is backfilled with 2ppm 3, the remaining 30% organic fertilizer is applied, and then watered thoroughly. Then sprinkle it with ternary compound fertilizer. After turning evenly and raking flat, make a small ridge with a height of 15 cm along the middle line, cover the plastic film and buckle the shed, ready to plant.

two。 Planting density. The planting density and cultivation methods of small watermelon vary with different pruning methods, which are mainly cultivated by climbing ground. Using two-vine pruning, the planting density is about 800 plants per mu, and using multi-vine (4-5 vines) pruning, the planting density is about 400-500 plants per mu. When planting, the holes were opened on the plastic film according to the plant distance of 40cm. After planting seedlings, the holes were poured with little water, then sealed after water infiltration, then covered with greenhouse film, and then covered with other layers of mulch in the afternoon to ensure the night temperature.

5. Field management:

1. Temperature and light management. High temperature is needed in slow seedling stage, which is about 30 ℃ in daytime and 15 ℃ at night, which can not be lower than 10 ℃. The greenhouse is covered with multi-layer film at night. After sunrise, the film is exposed layer by layer from the outside to the inside, and it is covered layer by layer from the inside to the outside in the afternoon. After seedling retardation, it is 22 ℃ ~ 25 ℃ in daytime, ventilated when it is over 33 ℃, and above 12 ℃ at night. The flowering and fruiting stage needs a higher temperature, 30 ℃ ~ 32 ℃ in the daytime and 18 ℃ at night, in order to facilitate floral organ development, pollination, fertilization and promote the development of watermelon.

two。 Reasonable pruning. Small watermelon has weak growth potential and small fruit shape, so it is suitable for multi-vine and multi-melon cultivation. At present, the pruning method is to pick the heart at the 6-leaf stage, and after the vine is extracted, keep 3 or 5 similar vines to make them grow in parallel, and remove the rest of the vine and the sun vine formed on the front vine of the melon.

3. Fertilizer and water management. On the basis of sufficient bottom water, base fertilizer and heavy application of organic fertilizer, the first stubble melon is generally not watered or topdressing before harvest. If there is insufficient water, it should be properly supplemented in the early stage of melon expansion. After most of the first stubble melons are harvested, when the second stubble melons begin to expand, topdressing should be carried out, mainly potassium and nitrogen fertilizer, and some phosphate fertilizer should be supplemented at the same time. 50kg ternary compound fertilizer can be applied per mu, ditched outside the root of watermelon, and then covered with soil and watered. Most of the second stubble melons have been harvested, and when the third stubble melons begin to expand, they should be fertilized according to the previous application rate and fertilization methods, and the watering times should be increased appropriately.