Cultivation techniques of soybeans with simple benefits and good pollution-free

Beans set up a frame

1. Soil preparation and fertilization:

The land for planting beans requires that the soil layer be deep, rich in organic matter, and the beans were not planted last year. 25cm should be turned deeply before sowing, 5000k organic fertilizer g per mu and 50kg vegetable special compound fertilizer should be applied as base fertilizer, and 1.2m wide should be put into the bed.

2. Sowing and raising seedlings:

Bean sowing time, open field cultivation, seedling raising in late March, direct seeding in the first and middle of April. The sowing amount per mu is about 2.5kg. The seedlings should be raised in greenhouse, and the seedlings of beans can be raised in small plastic bags or paper bowls. Sow 3 seeds in each hole, pour water thoroughly, pay attention to heat preservation and control the overgrowth of bean seedlings. When raising seedlings, blanch the selected seeds quickly in hot water of 80 ℃-90 ℃, immediately add cold water to cool down, keep the water temperature of 25 ℃-30 ℃ for 4 hours, fish out and dry a little before sowing. The seedling age is about 20ml for 25 days. After emergence, the daytime temperature is 20: 25 ℃, and the greenhouse should not only keep warm, but also ventilate to ensure that the seedlings grow neatly and healthily. The bed soil at the seed germination stage and seedling stage should not be too wet, so as not to reduce the germination rate, or lead to excessive growth of seedlings, or even rotting roots and dead seedlings.

3. Colonization:

When the seedlings raised in a nutrition bowl had 2-3 compound leaves, they were planted. Cultivated in open field and planted in late April. Drill holes and transplant with a punch. After planting, irrigate the fixed root water, fill the fine soil and seal the planting holes. Generally, each row of transplanted beans has two rows, and the hole distance is 20cm, 5000 Mu / mu 5500 piers.

IV. Field management:

Beans from transplanting to flowering, mainly to control water, ploughing to promote roots, appropriate squatting seedlings to promote flowering and pods; after pods, it is necessary to fully supply fertilizer and water to promote flowering and pods. After beans blossom and bear pods, generally topdressing 2 to 3 times, each time per mu of 5~15kg urea or urine 750~1000kg mature human manure, harvest peak, with water topdressing once, can apply 25kg diamine or 25kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu. Beans should be set up in time after drawing vines, with a height of 2.0 to 2.5m. After setting up the shelves, the vines should be drawn in time, which should be carried out in the afternoon on a sunny day, not on rainy days or in the morning to prevent breaking. Reasonable pruning to make the stem evenly distributed and improve the utilization rate of light energy. The pods of main and lateral vines were used to increase the inflorescence number and pod setting rate, prolong the harvest time and increase the yield. To this end, appropriate selection of lateral vines, removal of the first inflorescence and weak growth of lateral vines, selected to grow strong. The lateral vine with the first inflorescence early, in which the first inflorescence grows above the middle of the main vine, leaving 4 leaves and 5 leaves to top off after the first inflorescence is extracted, so as to increase the number of inflorescences and promote the development of inflorescence; the main vine grows to the top of the scaffolding and tops when the vine is about 2m long. promote the formation of accessory flower buds on each inflorescence.

5. Disease and pest control:

The main diseases of bean are rust, downy mildew, anthracnose, leaf spot, etc., and insect pests include aphids, red spiders, pod borer and so on. In the early stage of rust, alternately spray 20% triadimefon 1500-2000 times or 40% du Pont Foxing 4000 times or 50% plus Najin 600 times 800 times; downy mildew, alternately spray 72% frost 600 times or metalaxyl manganese zinc; aphids, alternately spray with Drake 1500-3000 times and 10% imidacloprid 2000 times; red spiders, spray 6000 times with 2% avermectin EC Bean pod borer, alternately sprayed with 2.5% deltamethrin 2000 times or fenvalerate.