Key points of spring management techniques for fertilization, fruit setting and pest control of pear trees

In the management of pear trees in spring, it is necessary to apply fertilizer scientifically, ensure fruit setting and control diseases and insect pests to ensure the high yield of pear orchards. Specific points include:

Pear pollination

Ploughing and weeding: it is the time when the spring buds of pear trees are sprouting and weeds are breaking the soil. In order to prevent weeds from competing with pear trees for nutrients, weeding should be ploughed before fertilization. Weeding is carried out according to the growth law of pear roots, which is beneficial to the growth of new roots. Artificial or chemical weeding can be used for weeding.

Fertilize after weeding, then fertilize. Young trees had better apply frequently and thinly, use mature human and animal manure, urea, etc., and dig holes to cover the soil. As a result, pear trees applied budding fertilizer at the end of February, flower-promoting fertilizer in the middle of March, and young fruit development fertilizer in the middle of April. 0.5 jin of urea was added for each application of mature human and animal manure, 4 pear trees were applied for the first fruit, 2 pear trees and 1 big tree were applied at the full fruit stage, and the crown dripping water was applied in holes or ditches, and the soil was restored in time after application. In case of spring drought, but also timely watering, to ensure sprouting, shoots, flowering, young fruit expansion, rainy to clean the drainage ditch to prevent root swelling.

Flower thinning and fruit thinning: it is best to carry out flower thinning from flower bud dew to flowering, the earlier the better. Interval 25-30cm leaves an inflorescence. After inflorescence separation, each inflorescence leaves 3 flowers at the base, leaving inflorescences on both sides of branches as far as possible, and the number of inflorescences left can be slightly larger than that of fruit. Fruit thinning is carried out after falling flowers, and the amount of fruit left is determined according to the variety, tree age and tree potential. Each inflorescence is sparse into a single fruit, leaving the fruit with positive shape, long stalk, no damage and no diseases and insect pests, and the basal 2 and 3 sequence fruits are selected as far as possible. As a result, there are more in the middle and lower part of the branch, less in the shoot, more in the lateral fruit and less in the lower fruit.

Scientific pollination: pear tree pollination directly affects the deformity rate and yield of pear. Bee release and artificial pollination can be used for pollination.

Release bees for pollination, place bee colonies in pear orchards, especially densely planted pear orchards 5 days before flowering; artificial pollination should collect pollinated flowers as early as possible, then take out pollen and dip a small amount of pollen into it with a brush or paper stick. Pollination can be carried out at the early flowering stage, and 2 flowers at the base of each inflorescence point are the best, and the whole flowering point is 2 Mel 3 times.

Pest control: the common and harmful diseases and pests of pear trees are scab, rust, ring rot, black spot and so on, which will lead to the weakening of pear growth, delay of fruit, decrease of yield and low rate of excellent fruit.

Control measures: before sprouting of fruit trees, spraying 2Mel 3-degree stone-sulfur mixture can control overwintering pear planthopper, shell insects and other diseases; during flower bud blooming in March, 50% carbendazim 500-fold solution is used to control pear buds, pear tiger and other bud-eating pests and diseases such as black star, black spot and brown spot; at the end of mid-March, 65% zinc 500-fold solution was used to control pear wasp and flower rot. In the first ten days of April, the pear rust, pear planthopper, pear aphid and pear tiger were sprayed with 500x solution of Trichosanthin and 2000 times of Zongmike.