Good management techniques of grape cultivation in greenhouse with early listing income

Grape planting in greenhouse

Address selection: greenhouse grapes are planted in sandy soil with convenient transportation, sufficient water, deep soil, fertile soil and light salinity.

Second, variety selection: the purpose of facility cultivation is to make grapes mature earlier, so early-maturing varieties can be selected, followed by varieties with short dormancy period, low cold requirement, manual dormancy breaking, strong adaptability to soil and climate and strong disease resistance. in addition, we should also consider the selection of grape varieties that are easy to flower, high fruit setting rate and excellent commercial characters. Such as summer black, red Barado, Julia, black Barado, jasmine, Amy, seedless prince, Gaomo and so on.

Third, planting: 1. Not too early, from mid-March to late April. If the greenhouse is idle in winter, the greenhouse should be buckled 15 days in advance to raise the ground temperature. After planting, the survival rate is high and the growth is good.

two。 The selection of grape seedlings in greenhouse depends on the heat preservation performance of greenhouse. Long-span thick wall greenhouse can begin to heat up from January to February, so cutting seedlings and grafted seedlings can be used; in other greenhouses, the thermal insulation performance is poor, and it is easy to freeze roots when overwintering, so grafted seedlings should be selected.

3. The selection of north-south direction, single-row planting, double-vine pruning, plant spacing and row spacing should depend on the characteristics of grape varieties.

4. After grape planting, the soil can not be loosened and fertilized for many years in the planting belt, so before planting, planting ditches should be dug according to the selected row spacing and fully mature organic fertilizer should be applied; on the one hand, it can meet the needs of growth, and at the same time, the interesting fertilizer of grape roots can be used to make the roots deeper. Improve drought and cold resistance. The excavated planting ditch is deep 40cm and wide 50cm, and 5000 kg organic fertilizer is applied per mu.

5. After planting, the seedlings should be watered thoroughly in time, and the seedlings should be cut with 3 Mel and 4 buds. When the planting belt is dry and wet, loosen the soil to preserve soil moisture, or plastic film mulching to preserve soil moisture; if plastic film mulching to preserve soil moisture should be covered with loose soil when the holes in the film are broken and the branches and buds are exposed. After that, water as little as possible. After planting, the temperature was about 20 ℃ in daytime and 10 ℃ at night. As the new roots have not yet grown, the temperature should not be too high during the day.

6. After entering the vigorous growth period, the poor control of temperature and humidity in the greenhouse can easily cause grape disease, so as to save labor and effort, the greenhouse film can be removed when the external temperature is stable at 20 ℃, and then buckle the greenhouse film before the early frost.

Fourth, summer pruning: when the grape plant survives and grows 3 or 4 leaves, leave two better buds and erase the rest. Tie the branches with string in time so that they are evenly distributed on the shelf surface. Pick the heart when the new is slightly longer than 1.5 meters. The axillary height of the new leaf is less than 50cm, and the accessory height below 50cm is slightly removed. If the leaf is above 50cm, 3 leaves are left, and the heart is removed repeatedly. Remove tendrils in time to save nutrients. As a result, the vines also need to wipe buds, fix branches, pinch ears, thinning fruits, bagging, picking old leaves and so on.

Fifth, temperature and humidity management in the growing season:

1. Temperature control: greenhouse grapes need an effective accumulated temperature of more than 10 ℃ after heating up, which usually begins to sprout after 40 days. Do not heat up too fast, try to make the ground temperature rise synchronously to avoid disharmony between the upper and lower parts. The night temperature before budding is 15 ℃, and the day temperature is 20-28 ℃; from sprouting to flowering, the night temperature is more than 15 ℃, and the day temperature is less than 28 ℃; the night temperature from expansion to coloring period is about 15 ℃, and the day temperature is 25-28 ℃; from coloring to maturity, the night temperature is 13-15 degrees Celsius, and the day temperature is 20-28 ℃.

2. Humidity control: the air humidity before the bud to the inflorescence is more than 80% to ensure that the bud is neat; the water is properly controlled during the anecdote extension period, and the air humidity is about 60%; from flowering to fruit setting, the air humidity is 50%, which is helpful to improve the fruit setting rate; the air humidity from the grape expansion period to the coloring period is about 60-70%; and the air humidity from the coloring period to the mature period is about 65%.

Grape winter shears

VI. Overwintering management:

1. After entering November, the tuyere is opened day and night to cool down, so that the grape leaves fall, and winter clipping is carried out after the leaves fall. All the deputy is slightly cut off, and the main branch is left about 1 meter, so there is no need to remove the shelf or bury the earth. 2. Cover the cotton curtain so that the greenhouse does not see light, and the temperature is kept at-10 ℃ 7.5 min, which can increase the low temperature without freezing the grapes. 3. If the greenhouse overwintering performance is not good, it is necessary to delay heating. When the external temperature is about-20 ℃, you can pull up the cotton curtain 1-2 meters from 8 am to 3 pm every day to warm the greenhouse. The minimum temperature in the greenhouse is not less than-13 ℃. 4. The greenhouse with good overwintering performance can be opened and warmed up by the middle of January.

Seven. pest control:

In grape cultivation, there are few insect pests, and a small amount of thrips and bugs in some plots are used to control them from sprouting to leaf expansion. The diseases include Botrytis cinerea, ear axis brown blight, powdery mildew and downy mildew, which can be controlled by methyl topiramate, frost urea manganese zinc and so on. However, the prevention and control of grape diseases should pay special attention to the control of humidity, timely ventilation and timely medication prevention after watering. In addition, strengthen the disinfection of the shed after falling leaves.