Pollution-free cultivation techniques of simple asparagus growing in favor of fertilizer and water

Asparagus, alias bamboo leaf cabbage, water spinach, rattan vegetable, etc., originated in southern China and India, has a long history of cultivation, eating tender stems, tender leaves, rich nutrition, and relieving heat, cooling blood and diuresis, digestion and detoxification, stir-frying, making soup, making kimchi are suitable.

Asparagus transplant

First, the characteristics. Ipomoea aquatica is an annual or perennial herb of the family Convolvulaceae. Fibrous root system, shallow distribution, strong regeneration ability. The stem is flat-round or nearly round, green or light green, hollow with nodes, and the nodes are easy to have adventitious roots. Cotyledons opposite, horseshoe-shaped, true leaves alternate, cordate, long ovate or lanceolate, petiolate, entire, smooth, green. Inflorescences axillary, Corolla funnelform, white or lilac. Capsule ovate, containing 2-4 seeds. The seed is nearly round, dark brown, the seed coat is thick, and the weight of a thousand seeds is 32-37 grams.

Water spinach likes the warm and humid climate, the seeds can not germinate until more than 15 ℃, the optimum temperature for seedling growth is 25 ℃, the optimum temperature for stem and leaf growth is 25-35 ℃, below 10 ℃, the growth is stagnant, the stem and leaf die when frost occurs. Light requirements are not strict, more resistant to shade. The yield decreased when the drought was not tolerated and the moisture was low. It has strong adaptability to soil, but likes fertilizer and water, so it is suitable to choose clay loam with strong fertilizer and water conservation.

Second, the main types and varieties. Zi Yan: the stem is thick, the leaf is big, the leaf color is light green. It can blossom and seed in summer and autumn, sowing or cutting propagation, which is the main cultivation type. Representative varieties: Guangdong Daguqing, Sichuan dry water spinach, Zhejiang Youlong hollow cabbage and so on. Fujimi: rarely blossom and bear seeds, but use cuttings to propagate. The growth period is long and the yield is high. Tender, strong taste, good quality. Representative varieties: Guangdong Xiye Tongcai, Hunan rattan, Sichuan water spinach and so on.

3. Main points of cultivation:

1. Sowing, raising seedlings and transplanting. The seeds were sown one after another from April to July. Early spring multi-use sowing method, close sowing and pullout, the amount of seed per mu is about 10 kg. Strip or on-demand is usually used in summer. After sowing, cover with nail and rake loose soil, apply 1500-2000 kg of human manure per mu as cover seed fertilizer, about 1 week can emerge seedlings. Using cold bed or small arch shed to raise seedlings can save hollow cabbage seeds, put them on the market ahead of time, sow seeds in mid-late March, and plant in mid-late April. The sowing amount per mu of seedling bed is about 20 kg, and it can be transplanted to 15-20 mu in the field. The height of the seedling is about 20cm, which can be pulled out to market or planted. Old overwintering plants or seedlings of the same year can be used for vine pressing or cutting propagation. The row spacing of asparagus in dry land is about 16cm and that in paddy field is about 22cm.

2. Field management. ⑴ cultivated in dry land. Select the lowland, moist and fertile, apply about 2500 kilograms of high-quality organic fertilizer per mu, ploughing and turning the border. Before closing, ploughing and weeding in time. Always keep the soil moist. After seedling emergence or transplanting and cutting survival, topdressing once in time, and then every 3-5 days, applying 1500 kg of dilute manure water fertilizer per mu, poured along the line to reduce pollution. Fertilizer application should be carried out after each intertillage. ⑵ cultivated in paddy field. Select paddy fields with convenient drainage and irrigation, sunny, fertile and shallow mud layer to plant. Generally carry out seedling transplanting or cutting propagation. Keep the water depth about 3cm in the early stage of growth, in order to improve the soil temperature. After entering the vigorous growth period, keep about 8cm water layer to meet the transpiration of asparagus and accelerate the growth. Topdressing is mainly based on quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, such as rotten manure, which is light at first and then concentrated, and is harvested once. ⑶ floating cultivation. Select the water surface with thick mud layer, fertile and water depth above 30cm to plant. In April and May, hollow cabbage seedlings or pruning were clamped with ropes and bamboo branches, put in water and fixed with wooden stakes. There is basically no fertilizer and water management.

3. Pest control. The main pests of Chinese cabbage are diamondback moth, red spider, aphid and so on, which can be controlled by high-efficiency and low-toxic pesticides such as imidacloprid and azadirachtin. The common disease is white rust, which can be protected by spraying Bordeaux solution or Dyson zinc.