Key points of Direct seeding cultivation techniques of High cost-effective and time-saving Direct seeding of early Rice

Direct seeding cultivation of early rice has the advantages of labor-saving, cost-saving, high-benefit and so on. It has been used for many years, and it is a mature and light cultivation method favored by food and agriculture. In order to guide food and agriculture to do a good job of direct seeding of early rice and ensure high and stable yield, the following key points were put forward.

Direct seeding of early rice

1. Select suitable varieties. Direct seeding early rice has the advantages of late sowing date, shallow root distribution, early and prosperous tiller, large population and easy lodging. Early rice varieties with short growth period, strong stress resistance, good adaptability, high and stable yield and best-selling market should be selected, such as Xiangzaoxian 45, Zhongzaoxian 39, Xiangzaoxian 32, Zhuliangyou 30, Zhuliangyou 819, Zhuliangyou 189 and so on.

2. Fine soil preparation. The key to high yield of early rice direct seeding is to improve the quality of paddy field preparation, which requires "four essentials": first, ploughing early. Ploughing before the middle of March, so that green plants fully rot, sowing in early April to reduce the impact on seed buds; second, to level the field. It is required that the level of the field should be the same, high and low in the 3cm, in order to facilitate the field water management; third, the softness and hardness of the square noodles should be moderate. The ploughing of the field should be moderate, paste up and loose, divide the box by 3m wide, and sow seeds when the surface of the box is soft and hard. The floating mud is so bad that it is difficult to sow the seedlings too deep; it is hard to fall into the valley, causing the roots to fall. Generally sow seeds the next day after the whole box; fourth, it is necessary to set up ditches, open box ditches, surround ditches, and connect with drainage and irrigation ditches, so that drainage and irrigation can be done freely, and rain can live in dry fields.

3. sow seeds at the right time. Generally choose to sow seeds when the temperature is stable through 12 ℃, pay attention to the weather changes, grab the cold tail and warm head, and sow seeds on 3 sunny days. The seeds are usually sown in the first ten days of April and finished before April 10. It is necessary to do a good job in seed soaking and disinfection, sprouting and sowing, not dumb valley. When sowing, weigh the field and sow evenly in different compartments. Conventional rice and hybrid rice use 7kg / mu and 2.5kg / mu respectively. If the sowing time is early, the sowing amount should be slightly more; on the contrary, it should be slightly less. After sowing, the mud falls into the valley, dredges the ditch system, and promotes the root of the needle.

4. Rational fertilization. Direct seeding early rice is affected by the weather, and the basic seedling variables are large. On the basis of adequate application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, attention should be paid to the application of nitrogen fertilizer. When the number of seedlings is sufficient, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be reduced; on the contrary, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be increased. In medium-fertility paddy fields, 25 Mu of 40 kg compound fertilizer is generally applied to promote early tillering. Because the bud valley is sensitive to chemical fertilizer, 25% chlorine compound fertilizer should not be used in direct seeding cultivation, so as not to cause rotten buds to affect seedling emergence. After two leaves with one heart, the tiller fertilizer should be applied according to the seedling condition to promote the early construction of high-yield seedling frame; in the later stage, panicle fertilizer should be applied to prevent premature senility.

5. Chemical weeding. 2-4 days after sowing of early rice (before the vertical bud of rice seeds), 25% bensulfan ·propachlor wettable powder was evenly sprayed with 40kg water; the dosage form should be controlled under 3 grams of bensulfan and less than 40 grams of propachlor, and it should be noted that there was absolutely no stagnant water on the border surface during spraying, and the field remained moist after spraying. 3-5 days after treatment, shallow water on the seedlings 23 leaves promoted tillering. Seedling three leaves after one heart according to the field weed condition to kill, generally in the barnyardgrass 1 Mel 3 leaf stage, per mu with 25% rice Jie EC 40 mi 60 ml; barnyardgrass 3 mi 5 leaf stage with 60 mi 80 ml; barnyardgrass more than 5 leaves, and then appropriately increase the dosage, spray 30 kg of water to remove barnyardgrass. When there are Qianjin weeds, when there are weeds in 2Mel 4-leaf stage, 10% Echinochloa EC 50ml 60ml / mu is sprayed with 30kg water; for every additional leaf of weeds, the dosage is increased by 10ml; this drug should not be mixed with herbicides to control broad-leaved weeds, and the effect on older barnyardgrass is not ideal.

6. Scientific management of water. Direct seeding of early rice, sectional water pipe: first, sowing to the stage of two leaves and one heart, persisting in raising seedlings in the open field, so that the water is not on the side of the box, that is, the ditch is full of water in sunny days, the water in half of the ditch in cloudy days, draining water in rainy days, keeping the soil moist, and there are fine cracks on the side of the box. Second, in the tillering stage, shallow water irrigation is carried out on the side of the box to promote the occurrence of tillers. Third, from the late tillering stage to the young panicle differentiation stage, drain the water in time, use light sun for many times to control the seedlings, prevent the heavy sun from causing the epidermis crack too big, and break the root system. Fourth, from heading to wax maturity, shallow wet intermittent irrigation should be used to avoid dehydration too early to prevent premature senility and lodging.

7. Prevention and control of diseases, pests, insects and birds. Before sowing early rice, 80% diphacinone: water: paddy = 1: 100: 500 or 7.5% rodenticide: water: paddy = 1: 50: 200 was used to prepare poison bait to kill voles, while preventing the harm of birds. In the middle and later stages of early rice, emphasis was placed on the control of rice planthopper, sheath blight, rice blast, borer and other diseases and pests.