Seedling raising and transplanting technique of rape

Rape seedling transplanting can make full use of the light and temperature resources before harvest, cultivate strong seedlings, make rape have sufficient growth time before winter, strong seedlings survive the winter, which is beneficial to spring growth and obtain high yield. First, adopt high-quality and high-yield varieties. Hybrid combinations or varieties of rape with high yield and high quality were selected, such as Ganyouza 1, Xiangzayou 1, Ganyou 17, Xiangyou 15 and so on. Second, timely sowing rape sowing time, according to the variety growth period, transplanting rape suitable sowing time around September 20, generally no later than the end of September sowing. 3. Cultivate strong seedlings: 1. Nursery bed preparation: according to the ratio of seedbed to field, dry land with loose and fertile soil, convenient drainage and irrigation, flat terrain and no other rape has been planted for more than two years is selected as seedbed. Before sowing, fine soil preparation, so that the border surface is flat, the soil layer is fine, and the soil is empty and solid. 2. Fertilizing seedbed: 1000 kg per mu of pig manure or 500 kg of human feces and urine, 20 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 20 kg of superphosphate, 5 kg of potassium chloride, 0.5 kg of boron fertilizer, mix well and compost for 7 days, apply to the topsoil surface and mix well with the whole bed as base fertilizer. Select seeds, remove sundries and blighted seeds, and mix seeds with 50% carbendazim wettable powder or 40% carbendazim gel suspension 20 grams per kilogram. 3. Sowing appropriate amount: sowing rape seeds 400 to 500 grams per mu of seedling bed. In order to sow evenly, the seeds can be mixed with plant ash or fine soil and sown quantitatively according to the border. After sowing, cover the seeds with fire soil ash and sprinkle dilute water dung, so that the seeds are thin, thin and uniform, and the seeds are not exposed. In dry weather, thin dung water is poured every evening to keep the topsoil moist; after emergence, insist on watering to resist drought, and furrow irrigation can also be carried out. Stop entering water when irrigation reaches 2x3 of the border ditch, and drain the remaining water when the border surface is wet. 4. Nursery bed management: seedlings should be kept in time after emergence, once again in one-leaf stage, and fixed before three leaves, so as to remove seedlings, miscellaneous seedlings, diseased seedlings and weak seedlings, and keep 70 seedlings per square meter evenly. 150ppm paclobutrazol (15% paclobutrazol 50 grams to water 50 kg) was sprayed on the leaves at the three-leaf stage for chemical control, and 40ppm uniconazole chemical control could also be used to cultivate short and sturdy seedlings; if there were pests such as cabbage worm, ground tiger and mole cricket, 800 million times of enemy could be used and phoxim could be sprayed once. One week before transplanting, apply marriage fertilizer, topdressing water manure and a small amount of urea solution (2kg / mu of urea), or apply a small amount of rape special fertilizer at seedling stage according to seedling growth. 4. Field preparation and application of base fertilizer 1. Field preparation: the previous cropping of rape can be rice, potato, etc., but it is not suitable to grow rape in paddy fields with too loose sandy soil and too heavy soil, poor drainage or deep muddy feet. When used as rice in the past, the field water should be drained when the rice ear hook was used, and the rice was ploughed and raked after harvest; the middle rice field was too white, and the water of horse racing was irrigated once before soil preparation, and a waist ditch was opened in the middle of the field, each 30 cm wide and 30 cm deep, and then divided into border preparation. As other dry crops, the former crop was 25 cm deep and 30 cm deep after harvest, raked flat and fine, removed authigenic rape or other cruciferous crops, and opened ditches according to the north-south border, with a width of 2 meters, a width of 30 cm and a depth of 20 cm, and drainage ditches were opened around the plot. The transplanting of rice stubble board field can be planted on the alluvial land with deep plough layer, make the border according to the previous method and specification, open the perimeter ditch and waist ditch, shovel out the ditch soil and break it, and spread it evenly on the border surface. 2. Application of base fertilizer: rape fertilization is carried out according to the principle of "heavy application of base fertilizer, additional application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and necessary application of boron fertilizer". Nitrogen fertilizer is arranged according to the proportion of "bottom 5 seedlings, 3 bolts 2", 80% of potash fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, 20% is used as wax fertilizer, and phosphate fertilizer and boron fertilizer are applied at one time. Formula fertilization: the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 0.6-0.8 per mu, pure nitrogen 10.5-14.5 kg, phosphorus pentoxide 6.8-9.5 kg, potassium oxide 8.5-12 kg, borax 0.5-1.0 kg per mu. Before transplanting, deep application of organic fertilizer such as human manure and urine as base fertilizer. In general, pig and cattle manure is 1200 kg to 1500 kg per mu (or pig manure 1000 kg to 1200 kg, or soil fertilizer 1500 kg to 2000 kg), mixed with 30 kg of compound fertilizer, 6 kg of superphosphate and 12 kg of potassium chloride. If manure is used, add 2 to 3 cubic meters of soil to mix evenly, pile and compost for 10 to 15 days, and apply it into the hole or planting ditch; when the soil and miscellaneous fertilizer is long, it can also be applied on the surface and then turned into the soil; when the plank field is transplanting as blockage fertilizer, it should be mixed with 500 kilograms of fire soil ash or dry fine soil. Fifth, suitable age transplanting, reasonable close planting 1, suitable age, strong seedling transplanting. The age of transplanting seedlings is about 30 days, starting from the middle of October and ending by the end of October as far as possible. Strong seedling standard, seedling height 16-18 cm, green leaves 6-7, root neck diameter 0.5-0.6 cm, turquoise, leaf thick, petiole short, no tall seedlings. There are 6000000 rapeseed plants per mu in double-cropping paddy field and more than 8000 plants per mu in triple-cropping rape field. 2. Transplanting technique: in the afternoon of the first day of transplanting, pour the seedling bed with thin dung water first, so that the roots and seedlings will not be damaged and there is enough water to store. When transplanting, select the upright seedlings with well-developed root system, well-proportioned plant body, robust growth and uniform size, first stand the plant upright in the nest, obstruct the surrounding soil and press it tightly, and then gently lift the plant upward to spread the lower root system so as to turn green and survive. Rarefied fecal water was used as root water immediately after transplanting.