Characteristics and cultivation techniques of No-tillage Direct seeding of single cropping late Rice

1. Application effect of no-tillage direct seeding: 1.1 high and stable yield. According to the sample survey from 2003 to 2005, the yield of no-tillage direct seeding is 40-50 kg higher than that of ploughing direct seeding per mu, an increase of 7-10%. 1.2 low cost and high benefit. According to the investigation results, the cost of no-tillage direct seeding is 38.5 yuan less than that of ploughing and direct seeding, 59.5 yuan more than that of transplanting, and the benefit per mu is 40-80 yuan. 2. The growth characteristics of no-tillage direct seeding: 2.1 wide adaptability. According to the demonstration of no-tillage and direct seeding of multi-type stubble, no matter wheat stubble, rape field, green manure stubble and cash crop stubble have good yield-increasing effect. 2.2. The emergence rate is high. No-tillage direct seeding only needs proper flat field to sow seeds without destroying the plough layer, and the topsoil is sunburned in winter, the soil ventilation is improved, which is conducive to germination and rooting and increase the seedling emergence rate. According to the field experiment, the variety is Xiushui 110. under the condition of sowing amount of 7 jin, the number of seedlings per square meter of no-tillage direct seeding is 169, which is 18 more than that of the control ploughing and direct seeding, an increase of 12.16%. 2.3. Early tillering and quick start. No-tillage direct seeding because the seeds are directly sown in the board field, shallow into the soil, coupled with the rice field surface layer fertile, strong fertilizer supply capacity, so early emergence, individual health, early and large amount of tiller, and more tillers at low node position. According to the fixed-point investigation of seedling situation in the field (variety Xiushui 110), 17 days after sowing, the average number of tillers per plant was 0.89, which was 0.57 more than that of 0.32 in the control, 3.73 tillers per plant in 25 days after sowing, 1.27 more than 2.46 in the control, and 5.9 tillers per plant in 35 days, only 0.3 more than 5.6 in the control. The highest seedling appeared about 6 days earlier than ploughing direct seeding, indicating that no-tillage direct seeding has obvious advantage of early onset. 2.4 the root system is developed. No-tillage direct seeding directly used the previous border to sow seeds, and the growth environment at the seedling stage was similar to that of dry seedling raising, with good soil ventilation, developed root system and many white roots. According to the sampling during tillering, the average number of white roots per plant of no-tillage rice reached 112.5, which was 40 more than that of the control, the fresh root weight of single plant was 20.2g, which was 5.2 g higher than that of the control, and the root length was 26.5cm, which was 6.5cm higher than that of the control. 2.5, it is easy to senescence prematurely in the later stage. In the later stage of rice seedling growth, no-tillage direct seeding was easier to senescence than ploughing direct seeding. The reason is that no-tillage direct seeding rice has strong growth in the early stage, high nutrient consumption, coupled with soil consolidation, poor fertilizer and water conservation capacity, and decreased fertilizer supply capacity in the later stage, so it is necessary to appropriately increase the application rate of flower protection fertilizer. 3. Cultivation techniques 3.1, field treatment: no-tillage direct seeding should choose fields with sufficient water sources, convenient drainage and irrigation, flat fields and good water and fertility conservation. Irrigate the bubble board before sowing, wait for the water to dry naturally, sow directly after the simple flat board field, and make sure that there is no stagnant water on the field, otherwise it will cause rotten seeds or sprouting. 3.2 timely and appropriate sowing: generally sow from the end of May to early June, no later than June 10 at the latest. Southern Zhejiang should not be advanced before May 20, and northern Zhejiang should not be advanced to before May 25. The seed consumption per mu of general high quality conventional japonica rice varieties is 3-3.5kg, hybrid japonica rice. 1. 0-1.5kg and indica rice 0. 75-1.0kg. It is required to plant 3.3,3.1weeds and kill old weeds before sowing. No-tillage direct seeding has more kinds of weeds and more weeds than ploughing direct seeding. About 7 days before sowing, you can choose 20 grams of traceless 200ml, 40kg spray with water, culling the whole field and surrounding roadside weeds, spraying should pay attention to: first, the field surface to drain the water layer, the second is to use clear water for medicine, and the third is to spray evenly. The field can be irrigated and soaked 3 days after spraying. 3.3.2, after sowing and before setting up seedlings. Generally, within 1-3 days after sowing, 40% direct seeding net wettable powder 60 g / mu or 30% swept fluorine EC 100ml/ mu plus water 40kg can be sprayed evenly, and the field surface should be kept moist without stagnant water for 3-5 days after application. 3.3.3, from emergence to trefoil stage. Generally, about 15 days after sowing, irrigation 1 inch of shallow water, 53% Tiancaoling powder 40 g / mu or 60% butachlor EC 100ml/ mu plus 10% benzylauron wettable powder 15g/ mu, combined with seedling fertilizer evenly spread. Keep water for 5-7 days after application in order to improve the weeding effect. If water leakage occurs in this period, it is critical to slowly irrigate and replenish water in time. 3.3.4, after the trefoil stage. If the field is badly harmed in the early stage or the damage of weeds is particularly serious, the grass condition should be treated in time, and the time should be controlled at the seedling age of about 35 days. Drain the field water before medication, water the next day after use, and retain water for more than 5 days to ensure the weeding effect. 3.3. Eliminate the harm of rodents and finches. Rodent control was carried out 5-7 days before sowing and at booting stage. When sowing, imidacloprid or good winter can be used for seed dressing, which can not only prevent the harm of rodents and finches, but also control rice thrips at seedling stage. 3.4. Improve the fertilization technology and increase the application of ear fertilizer. No-tillage direct seeding generally does not apply base fertilizer (refers to fields with higher soil fertility) and advocates a small amount of multiple fertilization. During the growth period of single cropping late rice, it can be divided into 4 times, the application of pure nitrogen 13kg per mu is about, and the field with good fertility can be applied less. Combined application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, if the previous application of phosphate fertilizer may not be applied, potassium chloride 10-15kg per mu. Seedling fertilizer: urea 5-6kg per mu was applied at 2 leaves and 1 heart stage to promote early growth and rapid development. Tillering fertilizer: urea 8-9kg and potassium chloride 5-7.5kg were applied per mu at 4 leaves and 1 heart stage to promote tillering. Strong stalk fertilizer: urea 5-6kg and potassium chloride 7.5kg were applied per mu in early July. Ear-grain fertilizer: urea 8-9kg was applied per mu at the beginning of August. The root distribution of no-tillage direct seeding rice is shallow and easy to senescence prematurely. In order to prevent premature senescence, foliar fertilizer can be sprayed according to the growth of rice in the later stage. 3.5. Scientific management of water. Before the two leaves are integrated, the ditch water is irrigated to keep the soil moist; the water after the two leaves is watered, and moist irrigation is used; after the three-leaf stage, dew irrigation is combined, dry and wet alternately, and when the number of seedlings reaches 80% of the planned panicle number, drainage is put off for many times. Because the foot of no-tillage cultivation is hard and the drainage is convenient, it can be combined with wet intermittent irrigation, so it is not suitable to shelve the field at one time. Dry and wet in the later stage, prevent the water from being cut off too early, and ensure that the green stalk is yellow and ripe. 3.6. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: seeds should be disinfected with chemicals before sowing to prevent the occurrence of seed-borne viruses. You can choose 25% EC, or 1.5% indeed flexible and warm powder, or 18% rice seed clear warm powder and other medicament to soak and disinfect seeds, and according to disease and insect information, timely control diseases and insect pests such as sheath blight, rice blast, rice planthopper, Chilo suppressalis, rice leaf roller and so on.