Culture Technology and cost-benefit Analysis of Pomfret

Based on the analysis of the market trend in recent years, Pomfret has the best benefit and can avoid some potential risks as soon as possible. At the same time, high survival rate, few diseases, low feed coefficient can also improve its culture efficiency □ article / picture Guangdong Tianbang Feed Science and Technology Co., Ltd. Li Xianyu, Golden Pomfret basic situation of Golden Pomfret egg-shaped Pomfret, commonly known locally as Pomfret, Golden Pomfret, belonging to bony fishes, Perciformes, Perciformes, scads. The fish is laterally flat, oval, and the anal fin is slightly equal to the second dorsal fin, both of which are significantly longer than the abdomen. The head is flat on the side, the tail handle is thin, and the body is covered with small round scales, which is not easy to peel off. Pomfret is a warm water pelagic fish with large size, large food intake, fast digestion, fierce feeding, rapid growth and short culture cycle. The fish is white, tender, delicious and delicious, which is one of the most valuable marine economic fish along the southern coast. The history of artificial cage culture of Pomfret is early, which began in the 1990s, large-scale culture began in 2003, and pond culture began in 2004. Now Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and the southern coast of Fujian are the main producing areas of golden Pomfret. In recent years, the demand for golden Pomfret in the domestic market has been increasing. It has attracted much attention not only in the domestic market, but also in the United States, Japan, South Korea and the European Union, which is a new bright spot in the export of aquatic products. In the face of the demand for golden Pomfret in domestic and international markets, there are broad prospects for the development of golden Pomfret culture. Second, Pomfret culture methods: Pomfret culture is mostly cage and pond culture, cage culture is divided into wood row cage or deep water cage culture. Pond culture is mainly mixed culture of fish, shrimp and crabs. 3. Cage and pond culture techniques 1. Cage culture (1) Regional selection: artificial cage culture of Pomfret is mostly offshore culture. ideal culture area: good water quality, slow running water, good wind protection, water depth of about 10 meters (±1 meter) at low tide. (2) Seedling management: in Yangjiang, Guangdong Province, most of the time for golden Pomfret is in April of the solar calendar, and it is best for the seedlings to be planted when the water temperature is above 23 ℃. The size of the fry is generally about 3cm, and the density of the fry is about 100 / cu m. The fry grow to 7 cm or so and start to sift the fish into boxes, which can be screened many times. At last, the density of the fry should be about 30 ind / m3. In the case of deep-water cages, the standard seedlings should be about 50g per tail and then moved into the cages with a density of less than 15 tails / cubic meter. (3) Scientific feeding: the golden Pomfret has a large food intake, and the daily feeding amount is about 6% of the fish body weight. The feeding amount should be scientifically controlled according to the water quality and weather conditions, so as to avoid waste and increase the breeding cost. (4) Daily management: early stage of golden Pomfret culture (before 200g) Note: ① pest. Most of them are small melon insects, which are common in areas where the water temperature is below 25 ℃ and where the water exchange is relatively poor, fresh water can be expelled, but there is basically no water temperature above 28 ℃; early ② fish should not be overfertilized, so choose a special formula feed for high-quality golden Pomfret to ensure normal liver metabolism, prevent the death of fish caused by fatty liver and improve the survival rate. Matters needing attention in the later stage of culture (after 200g): ① enteritis. Golden Pomfret late food intake is large, enteritis is more common, feeding high-quality gold Pomfret special formula feed enteritis can be greatly reduced, or in the peak feeding period, regularly feed some microbial preparations to promote digestion, can prevent the occurrence of enteritis; ② hypoxia. In the later stage, the water temperature was high, the organic matter metabolism at the bottom of the water was exuberant, and the oxygen consumption was large, which reduced the dissolved oxygen of the water, while the golden Pomfret had a large amount of exercise and high requirements for dissolved oxygen of the water. Therefore, it is best to feed Pomfret in the evening and morning in the hot season to reduce the amount of exercise of Pomfret and prevent the death of Pomfret caused by hypoxia. ③ water quality is not good, food intake is not normal, fish body is not smooth, body color darkens, scales protruding, fish body will soon lose weight. At this time, feeding high-quality, high-energy gold Pomfret special formula feed can slow down the weight loss of the fish, and once the intake is normal, the fish will quickly return to normal. ④ skin ulcer. In severe cases, the muscles will rot, mostly after autumn, and the worst in winter. Reasonable stocking density, feeding high-quality, comprehensive nutrition of gold Pomfret special formula feed, the disease is not easy to occur. 2. Pomfret culture in ponds has the advantages of fast growth, short cycle and low cost, so large-scale pond culture has developed rapidly in recent years. However, the stocking density of Pomfret in pond culture is low, the yield is low, and the economic benefit is not high, which determines that other species must be mixed in order to improve the economic benefit. Most of the mixed culture methods are fish, shrimp and crab. The stocking density of Pomfret in the pond is generally about 1000 / mu, and the pond water depth is about two meters. It is convenient to enter and drain, and it is required to be equipped with an aerator. Technical points of pond culture of golden Pomfret: ① golden Pomfret requires high dissolved oxygen and must be equipped with aerator; ② requires high water quality and convenient entry and drainage; ③ mixed culture of shrimp and crab. First throw shrimp and crab fry, and then throw in fish fry after half a month or so; ④ purse seine to cultivate fish fry, strong fry, improve the survival rate and ensure uniform fry; ⑤ fixed-point feeding, feeding area should be surrounded to avoid floating materials everywhere; ⑥ hot weather, low air pressure to change more water to ensure fresh water quality and prevent hypoxia. Fourth, golden Pomfret culture cost 1, fixed cost: cage investment, personnel. Cage investment includes the construction of cages and the investment of fishnets. In Yangjiang, Guangdong, a group of wooden rafts of good quality is 300 square meters, the investment in cage construction and fishing nets is about 80,000 yuan, and the average salary is 20,000 yuan per person. A group of wooden rafts are 300 square meters, and the annual output is about 30000 jin. The net cage is depreciated by 10%, that is, 10,000 yuan a year, plus labor, the fixed cost is generally 1 yuan / jin. So the higher the unit output, the lower the cost allocation, and the lower the fixed cost. 2. Variable cost: feed cost (feed coefficient), seedling input. In recent years, due to the rise in the price of feed raw materials, the average commodity feed price of Pomfret is 7000 yuan / ton, that is, 3.50 yuan / jin. The price of fish fry is generally about 0.8 yuan per tail in the early stage and 0.5 yuan per tail in the later stage, with an average of 0.6 yuan per tail, and the ideal survival rate is more than 85%. According to 85%, the cost of fish fry is 0.7 yuan per tail. At present, the average feed coefficient of golden Pomfret is about 1.8 per cat. according to the feed coefficient of 1.8, the feed cost of 1 jin of fish is 6.3 yuan per jin, accounting for nearly 80% of the culture cost of Pomfret, so it is necessary to reflect the culture benefit of Pomfret. Controlling feed cost is the key. From the culture practice, the shorter the culture time, the higher the survival rate, the lower the feed coefficient and the lower the comprehensive cost; on the contrary, the longer the culture time, the lower the survival rate, the higher the feed coefficient and the higher the comprehensive cost. 3. Total cost: according to the analysis of fixed cost and variable cost of Pomfret, the culture cost of Pomfret is generally 8 yuan / jin. In order to reduce cost and increase efficiency, we can only find a way from the aspect of variable cost. Good culture environment and culture conditions are important, but good management level is indispensable, which is reflected in the choice of high-quality seedlings, feed, the timing of listing and so on. Fifth, the benefits of Pomfret culture in recent years, the market situation of golden Pomfret is high at both ends and low in the middle, that is, the price is the best at the end of July, the lowest in September, October and November, and begins to rise again after December. After deducting the influence of some abnormal factors, such as the freezing weather at the beginning of 2008 and the influence of Typhoon Hagupit, the market price of golden Pomfret can hardly exceed 15 yuan / jin. Under normal circumstances, from September to the end of November in the Gregorian calendar, the market price of golden Pomfret is the lowest, generally 10-12 yuan / jin; the highest before and after the Spring Festival, but generally less than 15 yuan / jin. To ensure the benefits of Pomfret culture, we need to do the following: 1. Comprehensive culture cost, market trend analysis, the earlier the golden Pomfret is sold, the better the benefit, and can avoid some potential risks. 2. 2. The survival rate is high, and the higher the unit output, the better the benefit. 3. With few diseases, smooth culture, fast growth rate and low feed coefficient, the benefit is high.