Disaster prevention and control: the right time for flowers to prevent diseases and insect pests

Prevention of diseases and insect pests of flowers in spring is particularly important

Spring is an important stage for flower sowing and seedling raising. With the warmer weather and higher temperature, diseases and insect pests are about to enter a high incidence period. The quality of seedlings determines the quality of finished flowers in the future, so the prevention of diseases and insect pests in spring is particularly important. The reporter recently interviewed some people in the industry and asked them to give advice on the prevention of diseases and insect pests in spring flower production.

High temperature and humidity beware of diseases

In March and April, flower production in northern China is generally still in greenhouse facilities, but at this time enterprises have gradually reduced the temperature in the facilities, but the humidity is still very high, prone to the outbreak of fungal diseases such as gray mildew and downy mildew. Dong Yuguang, technical manager of plant protection at Syngenta, told reporters that the production of potted flowers such as Phalaenopsis, Cymbidium and Anthurium in northern greenhouses requires high humidity and is prone to fungal diseases. Although companies can avoid infection by cutting off pedicels, he thinks the best way is to ventilate and dehumidify in time when the weather is good, or to use drugs such as chlorothalonil for protective sterilization. If it is found that some plants have been infected with the disease, chemical reagents containing nitriles such as "Huiyou" should be used to control the disease.

In addition to the above diseases may occur in southern flower production, flower seedlings are easy to grow because of high temperature and humidity, and stems are often affected by some soil-borne diseases, such as quenching, blight and other diseases. To prevent these diseases, you can directly pour a "potion" containing fungicides during the first watering, or mix the substrate or soil with fungicides during sowing.

At present, the temperature in subtropical coastal areas such as Guangdong and Hainan is very high, and flower blight is easy to break out, which often occurs in the planting process of some Dendrobium. Flower blight is extremely destructive. In addition to using mancozeb and other chemicals to control soil and matrix disinfection, chemical agents containing propionamide can also be sprayed at the initial stage of the disease.

In addition, in the aspect of physical control, the humidity in greenhouse should be controlled as far as possible to avoid water droplets attached to plant leaves for a long time. Sprinkler irrigation or sprinkler watering is best done in the morning so that the droplets on the plant dry before evening. Use a culture substrate with good drainage and avoid over-watering, otherwise it will lead to root rot. Try not to mix the substrate with the soil, as most of the soil contains bacteria that cause plant root rot.

Prevention is the first priority and strong seedlings are the basis.

Although one kind of insecticide can be used for control after the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, dealers still suggest that flower production enterprises should give priority to prevention, make efforts in management, and select seedlings with strong disease resistance. Yang Liu, general manager of Zhengzhou Standard Chemical Co., Ltd., believes that in addition to using some broad-spectrum pesticides for prevention, enterprises can also apply some growth regulators conducive to rooting and some base fertilizers to improve soil activating microorganisms. Cao Yadong, manager of the horticulture department of Beijing Leili Group, said that the frequent application of inorganic fertilizers to potted flowers can easily lead to a decline in soil pH value, an increase in diseases and insect pests, and plant weakness, so it is a good way to apply some biological fertilizers to improve the soil environment. As a flower manufacturer, Bao Qingsong, a technician at Beijing Flower and Tree Company, said that chemical control is a last resort, and pest control such as thrips is very difficult. Enterprises should strengthen fertilizer and water management, do not provide an environment for the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, and give priority to prevention, rather than relying entirely on pesticides.

Control methods of common diseases and insect pests of flowers in summer

I. what has happened

Black spot disease occurs on roses and green pineapple, in which the average incidence of rose leaves is 15.2%; the average incidence of green radish leaves is 6.67%.

Anthrax occurs on hydrangea, chrysanthemum and peacock taro, in which the average incidence of peacock taro is 31.5%, the average incidence of leaves is 50%, the average incidence of hydrangea leaves is 8.2%, the high incidence is 15.2%, and the average incidence of chrysanthemum leaves is 9.62%. High 20%.

Liriomyza huidobrensis: the average leaf injury rate of Paeonia lactiflora was 13.16%, 33% high, and 4.39 live louvers.

Scale insects: 10.16 live brown bamboo louvers and 26 tall ones were investigated.

Thrips: Ficus angustifolia occurs more heavily. The average injury rate of leaves is 20-30%, about 30 live louvers, and hundreds of high ones.

Spodoptera litura: the average damage rate of roses was 2.9%, and 62 live insects were investigated.

Second, occurrence trend analysis

(1) the varieties of flowers are diverse, the planting areas are scattered, the planting periods are different, and the occurrence periods of diseases and insect pests are complicated.

(2) affected by the disastrous thunderstorm weather from April to June, the disease occurred seriously and there were some pathogens.

(3) according to the forecast of Guangzhou International specialized Meteorological Observatory, the general trend of the weather in the flood season in Guangzhou after 2005 is that the total rainfall is slightly more from July to September, the wind is lighter in Cold Dew, and there are 3 to 4 tropical cyclones affecting Guangzhou and concentrated in July to September. Therefore, black spot and anthracnose are expected to occur moderately, while Liriomyza huidobrensis, scale insects, thrips and Spodoptera litura are expected to occur moderately.

III. Opinions on prevention and control

(1) Agricultural prevention and control measures:

1. Timely removal of black spot, anthrax plants and diseased leaves, centralized destruction; rational management of fertilizer and water to reduce the spread of pathogens.

2. Pay attention to the ventilation of the greenhouse, control the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse, and restrain the occurrence and spread of the disease.

(2) Chemical prevention and control:

Black spot: spray with 8000 times of 25% clotrimazole or 1500 times as high as 10% of the world, 2 times every 7 to 10 days.

Anthrax: spray with 80% Dasheng Mmur45 wettable powder 600 times or 25% Bock 500 times 1000 times. The pesticide was applied every 7-10 days for 2-3 times in a row.

Liriomyza huidobrensis: choose 1.8% damage 1000 times or 40% green vegetable treasure 1000 times liquid spray.

Scale insects: you can choose 40% speed killing EC or 40% speed scale EC 1000-1500 times spray.

Thrips: can use 10% aphid lice net 1000 times or 40% speed scale grams 1000 times 1500 times liquid spray.

Spodoptera litura: spray in the evening with pest No. 1 1000-1500 times or 20% m full 1500 times.

Control methods of peony diseases and insect pests edible value of Paeonia lactiflora

Peony, alias general from the grass, belongs to the five branches fruit order, Ranunculaceae Paeonia lactiflora belongs to perennial herbaceous flowers. The root tuber is fleshy, stout, fusiform or columnar, 0.6-3.5 cm thick. Peony petals are Obovate, the disk is shallow cup-shaped, flowering from May to June, generally open alone at the top of the stem or near the top leaf axilla, the original flower is white, petals 5-13. Next, we will take a look at the methods of pest control of peony and the edible value of peony.

Control methods of peony diseases and insect pests

Peony diseases mainly include peony gray mold, peony brown spot, peony red spot, peony rust.

At the initial stage of the symptoms of peony rust, there are yellow and yellow particles on the back of leaves, that is, the summer spore pile of pathogens. In the later stage, round, oval or irregular grayish brown spots appeared on the leaf surface, with a diameter of 4-12mm, with wheel lines and small spots. Cylindrical reddish-brown bristles grow in the summer spore pile on the back of the leaf, with a length of 1-1.5mm, which is the winter spore pile of the pathogen.

Peony pest

Beetle

Species and damage of pests: there are many kinds of beetles that harm peony, such as county black velvet Gill beetle, apple beautiful beetle, yellow hairy Gill beetle, its adults harm peony leaves and flowers, larva grub, insect body nearly cylindrical, bent into "C" shape, milky white, head yellowish brown, 3 pairs of chest feet, no abdominal feet. The wound caused by feeding on the root of peony creates conditions for the infection of Fusarium and leads to the occurrence of root rot.

Shell worm

Shell insects are also known as scale. There are several kinds of shell insects that harm peony, such as cotton blowing scale, Japanese wax scale, long white shield scale, mulberry white shield scale, peony round scale, sagittal shield scale and so on. The shell insects suck the body fluids of peony, which weakens the growth of the plant and turns the branches and leaves yellow. When it is found that individual branches are damaged by shell insects, they can be brushed off with a soft brush, or cut off and burned, and spray during the incubation period of the eggs. The newly hatched insect body is not covered with wax and is easy to be killed. It is best to strengthen quarantine and strictly prevent the introduction of insect-carrying seedlings.

Aphids

When peony sprouts in spring, aphids fly to harm, suck the juice of leaves and make the affected leaves curl and turn yellow. after the seedlings grow up, aphids often gather in tender shoots, pedicels, leaf backs and other places, so that the stems and leaves of flower seedlings curl and shrink, so that the whole plant withered and died. Spraying 40% dimethoate 1000-1500 times, or 80% dichlorvos 1500-2000 times, or 50% aphid pine emulsion 1000-1500 times can inhibit aphid damage in a short time.

Edible value of Paeonia lactiflora

1. Peony flower porridge.

The practice is to select 6 grams of dried peony flowers, 50 grams of japonica rice and a little sugar. Boil with japonica rice with proper amount of water, then add peony petals and boil for another 2-3 minutes. Add sugar and serve. Refreshing and delicious, mellow and attractive, drinking peony porridge can nourish blood and regulate menstruation, treat irregular liver qi, weak blood qi and see hypochondriac pain irritability, menstrual abdominal pain and other diseases.

2Paeonia lactiflora flower cake.

In the Imperial Xiang Yi Lu, Ms. Deling in the Qing Dynasty described that Empress Dowager Cixi specially fried peony petals and egg flour into pancakes in order to nourish her face and longevity. In addition, peony flower can also make peony flower soup, peony flower wine, peony carp soup, peony flower decoction, etc., the production method is simple, delicious and effective.

(3) Peony scented tea.

The production method of peony scented tea is as follows: pick peony flowers and put them in a cool and dry place indoors, take a teaspoon of dried petals when drinking, brew them with boiling water, and drink them together with rock sugar, honey, green tea, brown sugar and so on. In addition, peony peanut tea can nourish yin and clear heat, soften the liver and soothe the liver. Production method: peony flower 2 grams, raw place 3 grams, green tea 3 grams, drink after brewing with boiling water. [11]

Medicinal value

The roots of Paeonia lactiflora are crisp and juicy and can be used medicinally. According to the analysis, the root of Paeonia lactiflora contains paeoniflorin and benzoin acid, and the use varies from species to species. According to traditional Chinese medicine, Radix Paeoniae Alba mainly refers to the root of peony, which has the effects of antispasmodic, analgesia and menstruation. It is effective for women's abdominal pain, stomach spasm, dizziness, gout, diuresis and other diseases.