Study on Aquatic growth promoting Agent

The main functions of fish growth promoters are to stimulate the endocrine system of fish, regulate metabolism and improve feed utilization, so as to promote the growth of farmed fish. 1.1 olaquindox is a broad-spectrum antibacterial chemical drug with obvious growth-promoting effect, so it is the most widely used growth promoter in animal feed. Its function is to affect metabolism, promote synthesis, improve the utilization rate of energy and nitrogen in fish feed, and promote nitrogen deposition. Wang Shengneng and others added 150 mg/kg of olaquindox to the diet of carp and tilapia, and the growth rate increased by 75% and 65% compared with the control. Ye Jinyun added 50 mg/kg of olaquindox to the diet to feed l-year-old grass carp. The growth rate increased by 53.82%, and the survival rate increased by 22.7%. The experiments of Wen Yinliang and others on carp showed that the relative growth rate increased by 53.88% compared with the control group, and the hypoxia tolerance of fish was enhanced, and the meat quality was also improved. Zhang Liang and others believe that the addition of quinolinol 100mg/kg has a better effect on promoting growth. Geng Yi reported that quinolinol should be added to carp feed for a long time, and the dose should be controlled below 50 mg/kg, otherwise the fish would be at risk of poisoning (ascites and hemorrhagic disease, intolerance to transportation, and mass death during serious fishing). 1.2 antibiotics are the fermentation products of microorganisms, and their action mechanism is mainly to change the structure of pathogenic microorganisms and interfere with their metabolic process, such as hindering the synthesis of cell wall, affecting the permeability of cytoplasmic membrane and hindering the synthesis of proteins. change nucleic acid metabolism and so on. In addition, some scholars believe that the intestinal wall of animals becomes thinner and healthier after taking antibiotics, thus improving the efficiency of intestinal absorption. However, whether antibiotics can promote the growth of fish is still controversial. Hashimoto (1956) and Qingjiang (1961) after summarizing the research results of Woef et al on the effects of antibiotics such as penicillin, oxytetracycline and chlortetracycline on the growth of fish, they pointed out that antibiotics had no effect on promoting the growth of fish. Cao Weimin et al. (1993) added 18 mg erythromycin to every 100 kg basic feed, and the same conclusion was obtained when the annual abundant carp with a body weight of 40 ~ 60g were reared in a flume for 40 days. It is believed to be due to the lack of food in the digestive tract of healthy fish. But there are also scholars who hold the opposite view. Ye Yuantu (1994) added tetracycline residue to the compound feed to feed carp. After 50 days, the average tail weight gain rate of the experimental group was 33.27% higher than that of the control group, and the feed coefficient was 22.05% lower than that of the control group. He believes that the growth-promoting effect of drug residue mainly depends on tetracycline, and the mechanism is that it inhibits the growth of microorganisms which are disadvantageous to the growth of carp. Flavomycin is a kind of antibiotic feed additive developed in the early 1970s. A large number of studies in pigs, broilers and ducks have confirmed that flavomycin can promote the growth and reproduction of beneficial microorganisms in the intestinal tract of animals, inhibit harmful microorganisms, maintain the ecological balance of microorganisms in the digestive tract, and facilitate the absorption of nutrients. In recent years, studies have shown that flavomycin is also an ideal additive in fish feed. Flavomycin is a macromolecular substance with a relative molecular weight of 1582, which is not easy to be digested and absorbed by fish. its main function is to purify the environment of digestive tract and promote the thinning of intestinal tract. Improve the absorption rate of nutrients. Flavomycin can also promote various biochemical reactions in fish to regulate metabolism and enhance the conversion rate of protein in fish. Studies by Wang Xuehong and Xia Changqing confirmed that flavomycin could promote the growth of slow-growing European eel. Ren Zelin reported that adding flavomycin to feed could promote the growth of carp. Zhou Xiaoqiu's study showed that the addition of flavomycin to feed had no negative effect on the transport tolerance of carp. The optimum dosage of flavomycin in the early growth stage of carp was 3 mg/kg, and the combined effect of flavomycin and olaquindox was not obvious. 1.3 hormone fish and shrimp growth promoters have been studied since the 1960s. Because fish and shrimp are aquatic organisms, the mechanism of digestion and metabolism of fish and shrimp is different from that of mammals and poultry, so many antibiotics and antibiotics used to promote the growth of livestock and poultry have no effect in fish and shrimp diet. at present, quinolinol is commonly used in fish and shrimp diet. Since the 1980s, the most eye-catching growth promoter studied in the world is growth hormone. Growth hormone is secreted by eosinophils in the anterior pituitary of vertebrates. Pickfold and Atz (1957) pointed out that growth hormone is a single-chain polypeptide hormone composed of 200amino acid residues, which can promote the growth of fish. Y.Eitomoite (1964), R.Smift et al. (1965) added pituitary growth hormone to the diet significantly promoted the growth of rainbow trout and river perch. The development of genetic engineering has opened up a way for the mass production of growth hormone, a trace active substance of protein. Takahashi et al. (1985) used an improved separation method to isolate 50 micrograms of growth hormone from the pituitary gland of about 1000 red salmon, together with the Tokyo Institute of Concord fermentation Industry, which has the latest bioengineering technology. the arrangement of amino acids and the alkaline arrangement of genes were analyzed, and the technology of mass production of growth hormone by genetic engineering was developed. At present, the world has been able to produce cattle, pigs, sheep, chickens, fish and other animal growth hormone, through feeding have achieved excellent results. The Institute of Aquatic Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences is doing this research on fish. However, there is also a view that growth hormone belongs to protein, which is easy to be broken down by digestive enzymes and should not be used as an additive. Experiments at the National University of Singapore have confirmed that the addition of 0.01 mg/kg thyroxine to feed can enhance the appetite and accelerate the growth rate of carp. At present, there are more than 20 kinds of steroids, which have been used in 20 kinds of fish, such as salmon, trout, common carp, crucian carp, tilapia and so on. However, due to its residual carcinogenicity and its effects on sex and other side effects, the growth promoters dominated by steroids have not been commercialized. Among them, androgen can significantly promote the growth of fish, and whether estrogen has a promoting effect on the growth of fish is still controversial. Another effect of steroids used in fish is to change sex differentiation. Promote sexual reversal and produce a large number of unisexual fish. For example, the production of all-male tilapia can also achieve the goal of improving economic benefits. 1.4 as a natural resource, Chinese herbal medicine contains trace components that are beneficial to organisms and has no toxic and side effects. Yang Shifan (1994) believes that anyone with one of the following functions can promote fish growth and enhance disease resistance: (1) it can stimulate circulatory system and respiratory center, activate and improve blood circulation, enhance cell membrane activity, regulate digestive tract and endocrine function, such as scopolamine, motherwort, Angelica and so on. (2) there are Hawthorn, tangerine peel, green peel and Fructus Aurantii that can invigorate the stomach, stop fermentation and remove stagnation, strengthen gastrointestinal function and promote digestion. (3) those that can excite the nerve center, stimulate gastrointestinal peristalsis, resist bacteria and reduce inflammation, eliminate sores and detoxify, there are Bupleurum, wild chrysanthemum, dandelion, rhubarb, Coptis chinensis, etc.; (4) those that can strengthen stomach, eliminate accumulation, kill insects, detoxify, excite gastrointestinal peristalsis, pumpkin seeds, betel nuts and so on. Compound Chinese herbal medicine additive is a hot spot in the research and development of fish growth-promoting agent. Wang Yongling reported that adding 1% garlic to the feed could increase the weight gain rate of crucian carp by 7.99% and reduce the feed coefficient by 10.37%. Chen Weiyan and others added 0.5% moxa leaves to feed carp, and the weight gain rates of summer flower, 1-year-old carp and 2-year-old common carp were 11.65%, 22.46% and 12.55% higher than those of the control group. Wu Wen and others added 0.3% gynostemma pentaphyllum to feed grass carp, which could increase the weight gain by 32.5%. Duan Ming and others fed crucian carp with Codonopsis pilosula, astragalus membranaceus, fennel and so on, adding 1% to crucian carp, Chen Tielang and others added 1% to the feed, the weight gain rate of tilapia increased by 95.40%, and the weight gain rate of moustache catfish increased by 42.20%. Zhang Zhaohua and others added compound Chinese herbal medicine additives composed of 30 kinds of Chinese herbal medicine, such as Artemisia argyi, Fructus Aurantii, Shenqu, etc., to the feed of soft-shelled turtles. The results showed that the weight of experimental animals was more than 30% higher than that at the end of the same period of the previous year. Wu Defeng et al. (2001) used Radix Astragali, Codonopsis pilosula, Atractylodes macrocephala, Poria cocos, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Shenqu, Hawthorn, Angelica, rhubarb, Radix Ginseng, Radix Isatidis, Radix Scutellariae and other Chinese herbal medicines as disease-resistant and growth-promoting additives for European eel. The results showed that the European eel fed with Chinese herbal medicine in the diet gained more weight than the control group, and had different degrees of resistance to several common infectious diseases, indicating that the Chinese herbal feed additive improved the culture effect of European eel. Liu Hongbai et al (2004) found that the addition of Scutellaria baicalensis and Radix Astragali could significantly promote the growth of carp and improve the feed conversion efficiency, as well as Poria cocos, Houttuynia cordata Thunb and Radix Isatidis. Yan Li et al (1994) reported that Chinese herbs such as rhubarb, Sophora flavescens, tangerine peel, astragalus, licorice and other Chinese herbs were added 0.3% to the basic feed of carp. The results showed that the daily growth rate of the experimental group was 30.6% higher than that of the control group, and the feed coefficient was 18.91% lower. There are similar conclusions in the feed of crucian carp, tilapia, grass carp, silver carp, carp, oolitic fish, shrimp and other Chinese herbal medicine additives such as garlic, Codonopsis, cumin, licorice and so on. It shows that Chinese herbal medicine can obviously promote the growth of aquatic animals. The research on Chinese herbal medicine as a growth-promoting additive for fish is not mature enough, and the current research is mainly focused on the comparison of the addition effect, and the drug use and formula, dosage, effective ingredient, action mechanism, safety test and other issues need to be further discussed. -- except for Chinese herbal medicine, the rest are rarely used or not used, especially olaquindox, prohibited. Olaquindox is indeed banned, and now there are not too many things to choose from to promote growth in fish feed. Chinese herbal medicine needs to be studied more and more, but it is seldom used now. Personally, I think olaquindox can be used in aquatic products, although it is not allowed to be used in this country. But as long as its purity is enough, it doesn't matter!-- the current law has relatively perfect provisions on livestock and poultry. However, there are many loopholes in the regulations on aquatic animals, and there is a lot of controversy about whether to use it or not. Olaquindox is banned. I think we should control the amount of olaquindox added. It can achieve safe and effective results-it is best to use hormones-the effect of olaquindox on the growth of fish is indeed very obvious, and now some feed enterprises should still secretly use it. The key is to control the quantity. -- passing by, learn-- in aquatic feed, olaquindox is the best antibacterial growth promoter. There is nothing better to replace now. The formulator is responsible for the food safety of aquatic products.