Feeding and management of laying hens on sloping land

The laying period of laying hens is generally divided into three stages: 1. The early laying period is the period from the beginning of the first egg laying to the laying rate reaching 50%, that is, the laying date of the whole flock, generally 20-24 weeks old;2. The middle laying period is the peak laying period when the laying rate rises from 50% to more than 90%, and then maintains it at 80%, generally 25-42 weeks old;3. The late laying period when the laying rate drops below 80%, generally 43-72 weeks old. Feeding laying hens requires balanced feeding, which is divided into three or four times in the morning, middle and evening. 1, the feeding management points of the early stage of laying eggs is the most important stage of laying hen development, is the basic maturity of the chicken and the body is not fully mature is gradually mature stage, on the one hand to grow the body, increase weight, on the other hand, but also rapid development of reproductive system, in order to enter the adult laying period to prepare. (1) Preparation before laying: laying hen pen preparation, water and electricity facilities are complete. Before laying eggs, carry out a thorough anthelmintic work, spray drugs on body parasites such as mites, lice, etc., and take albendazole 20~30 mg/kg body weight orally for internal parasites, or take it in a mixture with aflodine (insect killer). Remove weak chickens and keep the flock neat. Newcastle disease + egg reduction + transmission triple inactivated vaccine was used for intramuscular immunization. Selection and retention of breeding cocks: breeding cocks should be healthy and lively, well-developed, with bright red combs, obvious secondary sexual characteristics and strong physique, and meet the requirements of breed characteristics. The ratio of male to female of mixed breeders is 1:12-15, and the male and female are mixed and bred naturally. Commercial laying hens do not need to retain cocks. The feed formula of laying chicken before laying (15-20 weeks old) is as follows: rice bran 98.2, stone powder 1.4, salt 0.3, poultry vitamins 0.1, and insects. (2) Control the time of laying: prevent premature maturity, premature chicken (premature laying) will lead to premature aging, but reduce its laying performance, before laying eggs should limit the protein and energy levels in the feed, the best lighting time is controlled within 10 hours, no artificial lighting. To promote the timely start of production, the start of production time should be controlled to meet the requirements of breed production performance, and the timely laying of eggs should not be affected because the nutritional level of feed cannot keep up. (3) Feed supplement matched with daily increase of egg production: egg production rate gradually increased after egg production began, and increased rapidly, egg weight also increased day by day, during this period chicken ovary and secondary sexual characteristics (comb, meat beard) developed rapidly, feed intake increased significantly, must be allowed to eat freely to meet their nutritional needs. In this case, if the nutrition does not keep up, it not only delays the development of the chicken, but also makes the egg laying performance of the chicken not fully exerted, and it does not reach the highest egg production level, and the egg laying peak duration is also short. Feed nutrition level should be improved, and the amount of feed added should be gradually increased. The formula of feed for laying hens with egg laying rate of 65- 80% in early laying period is as follows: soybean meal 18, corn 51.6, rice bran or rice 20, stone powder 9, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1, salt 0.3, poultry multivitamin 0.1, earthworms and insects are added. 2. Feeding and management in the middle of egg production The middle of egg production is the period when the egg production rate rises rapidly and is at the peak stage of egg production. The purpose of feeding and management in the middle of egg production is to improve the egg production rate and prolong the peak time of egg production as much as possible. After the egg laying rate reaches 50%, it can reach the peak of egg laying after 3-4 weeks. Laying peak is the golden period of laying chicken, strengthen feeding management to make it give full play to genetic potential, to achieve ideal laying level. Good breed laying hens, under good feeding and management conditions, more than 80% of the laying rate can maintain 20-25 weeks, or even longer, more than 90% of the laying rate can maintain about 10 weeks. All stress factors should be avoided during the peak laying period. Laying hens in the peak laying period are particularly sensitive to various stress factors. Interference will affect laying, and it will be difficult to recover after the laying rate is reduced, which will bring huge economic losses to the chicken farm. To do the following: (1) Except for the breeders of the chicken house, other personnel are not allowed to enter the chicken house;(2) The clothing of the breeders should keep the same color every day, and it is easy to cause group alarm when changing colors;(3) The feed, water and power should not be cut off;(4) The house temperature should not be too high or too low. The most suitable temperature for laying hens is about 20℃, and the room temperature is 13-25℃, which does not affect the egg production; it is best to keep it above 10℃ in winter and below 29℃ in summer;(5) Avoid noise;(6) Feed should be stable, not lightly changed, nutrition is comprehensive and sufficient, put an end to moldy feed; increase feeding times, increase feed feeding amount;(7) gradually increase light, and ensure more than 14 hours of light at the peak of egg production. When the natural light time is long in summer, the artificial auxiliary light should be extended for 30 minutes every week after the egg production peak; in winter, the natural light time is short, and when the egg production rate reaches 50%, the artificial auxiliary light should be increased for 30 minutes every week until the natural light + artificial light time reaches 17 hours. The light duration during laying can only be prolonged, not shortened. The intensity of light should be stable and there should be no change in intensity. Light intensity 6-10LX (lux) is appropriate, generally 2.5 watts per square meter. 40-60 incandescent bulbs or 15-20 watt fluorescent lamps are installed in the chicken house. The general lamp height is 2 meters and the lamp distance is 4 meters. Low red light is good for laying eggs. (8) Keep the air circulation in the house and do a good job in the sanitation of the house;(9) Do a good job in the prevention and control of epidemic diseases. Every 4 to 5 weeks, add antibiotics in feed or drinking water, such as norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, etc., to prevent colibacillosis, salmonellosis, enteritis, etc.; add 1 times more vitamins in the feed to meet the laying needs of chickens and alleviate various stress reactions, and improve the resistance to various diseases; Adhere to the system of chicken disinfection and environmental disinfection to prevent the introduction of epidemic diseases. (10) Feed reference formula in peak laying period: soybean meal 22, corn 51.6, rice bran or rice 16, stone powder 9, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1, salt 0.3, multi-vitamin 0.1, plus earthworms and insects. There should be a 7-day transition period for feed switching. 3. Feeding and management of laying hens in the late stage After a period of peak laying period, with the increase of age, the laying function gradually declines, and the laying rate slowly decreases. At this time, according to the decline of laying rate, the feed should be adjusted appropriately, and the nutrient composition of the feed should be adjusted appropriately to reduce the protein content. Feeding and management measures refer to feeding and management in the middle stage of laying. Gradually increase light exposure by 30 minutes per week for a maximum of 17 hours. There should be a 7-day transition period for feed switching. Reference feed formula: soybean meal 18, corn 51.6, rice bran or rice 20, stone powder 9, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1, salt 0.3, multivitamin 0.1, plus earthworms and insects.