Free-range breeding technology of local broilers in greenhouse

First, the technical introduction. Local broilers refer to local chickens and their hybrid improved chickens, such as Chongren Ma Chicken, Ningdu Yellow Chicken, Taihe Chicken, Guangfeng White ear Yellow Chicken, Yuyu Black Chicken, etc., as well as the cross improvement lines of these local chicken breeds. Local broilers have the characteristics of tolerance to rough feeding, wide adaptability, strong foraging ability, strong resistance to disease, beautiful appearance and excellent meat quality. Local chickens and their hybrid chickens are suitable for free breeding in greenhouse. Greenhouse free culture technology has the characteristics of low investment, quick effect, easy migration and conducive to ecological environment protection. Greenhouse free culture technology is suitable for chicken farmers of all regions and sizes. Technical operating rules 1, greenhouse construction (1) site selection of chicken sheds. Can be built in hilly areas, orchards or woods, the location should take into account the size of the chicken flock and the topography of the chicken shed, chicken sports venues, drainage and other factors. Therefore, the chicken shed should be located on a mountain with dry, flat or slightly sloping terrain. The terrain inside the shed is slightly higher than that around the outside. The chicken shed should be located in the south-by-southeast direction, which is beneficial to ventilation and light, and should not be built on the top of the mountain where the temperature difference between day and night is too big and in the low-lying land with poor ventilation and inconvenient drainage. Factors such as water quality, transportation and power supply should also be taken into account when selecting the site, and should be kept away from residential areas, factories and other places with pollution sources. (2) the structure of chicken shed. Chicken sheds can be adapted to local conditions, use local materials, and simplify according to bad conditions. The frame of the greenhouse can be supported by wood, bamboo, etc., the roof is 2.5 meters high, the sideline is 1.5 mi 2.0 meters, the top frame is herringbone, the roof is covered with linoleum, plastic sheet, straw belt, etc., surrounded by plastic sheet, plastic film, linoleum, straw curtain, etc., the materials used should be movable, so that they can be disassembled and assembled at any time. The greenhouse for raising chickens should not only consider the heat preservation performance, but also facilitate ventilation and reduce the humidity in the greenhouse. There should be drains around the greenhouse. The greenhouse is surrounded by a 12-meter-high brick wall, which is surrounded by plastic sheeting or plastic sheet. several holes that can be closed on the south side of the brick wall are left for chickens to enter and exit, and the plastic sheeting or film around them is movable. In hot weather, it can lift 0.8 Mel 1.0 meters to cool down. The size of the greenhouse area should be determined according to the number of chickens raised, and it is appropriate to raise 800Mel 1000 feathers per shed. 2. Feeding and management of chicks (1) all preparations should be done before brooding. The brooding house should be cleaned and washed, strictly disinfected, and the heat preservation performance and ventilation should be checked. Also prepare and rinse and disinfect the brooding equipment and equipment. The cushion used for brooding is required to be dry, soft, good water absorption, clean and sanitary, no mildew, commonly used sawdust, husk, straw and other cushions, it is best to bask in the sun before use. After preparing for all kinds of brooding, we must also preheat the brooding house and gradually make the temperature reach the temperature needed by the chicks. (2) raising chicks. Eating: the first time a chick is fed is called eating. Usually 24 hours after the chicken comes out of its shell, the flock can stand and walk, and about 1/3 of the chicks start eating when they are looking for food. Open edible feed requires fresh and high quality, moderate particle size, easy to peck, easy to digest, often use chopped rice or chopped corn as food. At the beginning, a small amount of feed can be evenly sprinkled on small plates or newspapers or dark plastic sheeting to allow chickens to eat freely. 3 days after eating, use compound feed, feed less and eat more, and eat freely. The formula feed for chicks requires rich and comprehensive nutrition, fresh and high quality, diversification, good palatability, easy digestion, and avoid feeding feed with large volume and high crude fiber content. The nutritional level of chicks is generally required as follows: metabolic energy 2.85 MCA / dink, crude protein 1820%. Drinking water: the initial drinking time of newborn chicks can be carried out before or at the same time. Drinking water should be fresh, clean and hygienic. Drinking fountains should be cleaned and sterilized every day. The temperature of drinking water should be 15 ℃ and 20 mol. In the first drinking water of chicks, 50 grams of glucose and VC1 grams per liter of water were added. 5 days after coming out of the shell, some antibiotics were added to the drinking water to prevent intestinal infection. (3) Chicken management. The key to brooding is to keep the right temperature. The temperature decreased gradually with the increase of age in the first week, and decreased by 1-2 ℃ per week from the second week. Generally, the temperature was removed at the age of 30-40 days, and the temperature of brooding should be kept stable as far as possible according to the season. Whether the temperature is suitable or not should be judged according to the dynamics of the flock and should be adjusted in time. Pay attention to humidity and keep the nursery dry. Change the cushion frequently, maintain good ventilation, keep the air fresh in the house, and pay attention to the light of the chicks. The feeding density of chickens should be adjusted reasonably. Strictly enforce the health and epidemic prevention system, do a good job in hygiene and epidemic prevention, pay attention to environmental hygiene, strict disinfection and isolation system, regularly use drugs to prevent diseases, and seriously do a good job in vaccination on time. (4) feeding and management of adult chickens. The feeding of breeding chickens: because the digestive function of breeding chickens has been improved, the feed intake is large, the growth and development is fast, and the metabolism is in the peak period, the full price feed with high energy and protein should be adopted, and the feeding method of free feeding should be adopted. The nutritional level is generally 2.85-2.90 MCAL / kg. The crude protein was 19mur21%. Management of breeding chickens: the most suitable temperature for breeding chickens is 15Mu20 ℃, which should prevent heat in summer and cold in winter, and the suitable relative humidity should be 50% 55%. Keep the house dry, change the cushion frequently, and clean up the feces in time. The phenomenon of uneven size and strength will occur in the growth process of adult chickens, so it is necessary to divide the groups in time, and strengthen the feeding management and careful feeding of weak chicks, so that the whole flock can grow and develop evenly, go in and out, and appear on the market neatly. (5) measures for comprehensive prevention and treatment of diseases. Chicken disease is based on the principle of "prevention first and treatment as a supplement". Strengthen feeding and management, in order to enhance the resistance of chickens, do a good job in cleaning and hygiene, which is the most fundamental measure. Strict implementation of disinfection measures, elimination of pathogenic microorganisms, cut off the source of infection, this is the most effective measure. Regular vaccination is one of the effective measures. Often observe the situation of chickens, find abnormal timely treatment, timely isolation of sick chickens, dead chickens should be deeply buried and disinfected. Adaptation conditions 1. Free-range breeding technology in greenhouse due to simple construction and extensive management, it is mostly used to raise commercial broilers. 2. It is suitable for medium and small-scale local broiler breeding. 3. It is most suitable for raising in hills, semi-hills or low mountain areas. 4. In the process of feeding, pay attention to the prevention of rats and animals.