The production technology of honey

The production technology of honey includes: storage of honey, production technology of honey, operation of obtaining honey, processing of honey, application of honey. 1. The correct storage of honey is an important link to ensure its quality, so in the process of storage, attention should be paid to the following problems: 1. Honey is a kind of acidic viscous liquid, which can corrode metals such as zinc, iron, aluminum and plastic buckets. in order to avoid honey pollution, metal containers and plastic buckets without food paint should not be used to store honey. And use glass bottles, porcelain jars and other containers for storage. 2.) Honey has the characteristics of strong water absorption and peculiar smell, so it should be sealed and stored to avoid water absorption and fermentation, and it is difficult to eat. 3. Containers filled with honey should be washed with running water before loading, and then dried and then loaded with honey. 4. Honey should be stored in iO ℃ ~ 20 ℃. Keep the storage room dry, ventilated, cool and without direct sunlight. If possible, keep honey at a low temperature of 5 ℃ ~ 10 ℃. Because the growth of yeast cells stops when it is less than 10 ℃, fermentation can be stopped, so it can effectively prevent the fermentation of honey and some changes caused by storage. Do not store honey with volatile odors, such as soap, gasoline, etc., so as to avoid cross-taste. Second, honey production technology the main honey source honey flow period (big flow honey period) is the peak season of beekeeping. During the honey season, only those colonies with a large number of appropriate age gathering bees (bees more than 2 weeks old) and sufficient reserve strength (with a large number of capped spleen) can achieve high yield. Therefore, it is necessary to cultivate the appropriate age collecting bees before the honey period, do all the preparatory work, and strengthen the feeding and management of the colony during the honey period, so as to create a good living environment and production conditions for the colony. 1. Culturing suitable age gathering bees: the growth and development of plants is affected by accumulated temperature. According to the phenology, the flowering period of the main nectar source plants was predicted by the florescence of early flowering plants. According to the calculation of the development period of worker bees and the average life span of honeybees, the cultivation of suitable age collection bees should be carried out from 51 days before the beginning of the honey period to 29 days before the end of the honey period. For the first major local honey source, the period from early spring to the month before the end of the honey season is the period of collecting bees for the honey season. 2. Build nest spleen: in the period of nectar flow, a production group should have at least 18 nests of spleen for spawning and honey storage. The more empty nest spleen available for storing honey, the more beneficial it is to increase production of honey. These nests and spleen should be prepared in advance, using auxiliary honey sources to make more spleen and early spleen, which can not only increase the production of beeswax, but also reduce bee fever and promote the queen to lay more eggs. 3. Cultivate the production group: about half a month before the honey period, check the group potential of the production group and raise it on a fixed basis. at this time, the production group should have 10-15 spleen and more than 15 bees. At the beginning of the honey season, such a colony can reach more than 20 bees, or become a powerful production colony. For the bee colony that can not meet the requirements of the group potential, the spleen with or without bee seal can be proposed from the weak group or the new group to supply the production colony and make it grow in time. The weak group retains 3-4 frame wasps, and 3 offspring spleen make it continue to proliferate. 4. Tidying up the beehive: 3-5 days before the beginning of the honey season, adjust the hive according to the length of the honey period, so that it can not only collect honey, produce royal jelly, but also maintain the colony potential. If the honey flow period is less than 10 days, properly restricting queen bee spawning and reducing feeding work can increase honey production. Leave the queen bee and all unsealed lid spleen in the nest box, add a nest box and a honey spleen on each side, add a partition board on the nest box, put the rest of the lid spleen in the upper relay box, add empty spleen between the lid spleen, put 8 spleen in each trunk, and enlarge the bee path to 15 mm. If the group is strong and the amount of honey is large, you can add 2 relay boxes. Put the lid spleen in two relay boxes respectively, and fill the empty spleen if it is insufficient. If the honey flow period lasts for more than one month, or if the two main honey sources are adjacent to each other, the queen bee will not be restricted from laying eggs. Leave the queen bee and 1'2 unsealed lid spleen in the nest box, add 1'2 empty nest boxes on both sides, and leave 2 honey spleen. The arrangement of the relay box is the same as above. The rest of the unsealed lid spleen can be mentioned in the relay box, but 5 days later to check, cut off the king platform, you can also supply the unsealed lid spleen to the weak group. 5, the management of the honey period: the central task in the honey period is to maintain a strong group, prevent the occurrence of bee fever, concentrate on collecting honey, and at the same time produce royal jelly, beeswax and other products. Take honey to master the principle of early acquisition in the early stage, stable in the middle stage, and less in the later stage. Collecting honey 2-3 days after the beginning of the nectar period can stimulate the enthusiasm of bees to collect, and separate the original stored honey on the nest and spleen, which is convenient to harvest single-flower honey and improve the purity of honey. In the flow of honey, it is expected that the stored honey of the spleen will be extracted again when it is covered with 1 stroke and 2 caps, and the invisible honey will be taken. To the late stage of honey flow, we must be cautious, take less and stay more, and take it in batches to ensure that the colony has sufficient feed reserves. To extract the honey spleen, before the time when the bee colony collects a large amount of nectar, avoid mixing a large amount of nectar collected on the same day into the extracted honey spleen, and add a relay box to separate mature honey, which is a good way to improve the quality and quantity of honey; when the honey storage of the original relay box is 80% full, add a second relay box under it (above the king board) to make the bees continue to store honey. When the honey storage of the second relay box reaches 80% full, the honey spleen of the first relay box is put forward, and after the honey is separated, the empty spleen relay box is added under the second relay box, so that the two relay boxes circulate to store honey. The third relay box can also be added under the second relay box. 6. Shading and ventilation: heat can hinder the collection of bees. Put the colony in the shade in the hot season, keep the bee in the shade at the hottest time at noon, cover the hive with grass curtains, Reed mats or branches, and protrude to the south to reduce the area of the beehive exposed by sunlight. During the nectar period, the nest door is fully opened to facilitate the evaporation of water in nectar and reduce the fan work of bees. If there are no robbers and enemies, the relay box can be staggered forward by 20 mm. 7. Prevention of bee theft: in the later stage of honey flow, when the honey source is reduced or cut off, especially in autumn, bee theft is easy to occur, so we should pay attention to prevention. Third, the operation of getting honey: the operation of taking honey includes removing the bees on the spleen and separating the honey from the spleen. Before operation, clean the honey collection place, wash the honey tools and honey containers and dry them. 1. Honey extraction tools: there are mainly honey dividing machine, honey cutting knife, honey filter, honey container, bee sweeping, scraper, smoke ejector and so on. 2. De-bee: according to the size of the hive and the number of honey spleen, there are the following methods: ① shake the spleen and remove the bee: remove the honey relay box from the colony and put it on the lid that is turned over, add another empty relay box on the hive box, put 2-4 empty nest spleen on one side of the box, and then put the honey spleen in turn, hold the frame ear with both hands and shake up and down suddenly with wrist force. Shake off the attached bees to the empty space in the relay box, then sweep a small amount of attached bees with bee sweeps, put them in the nest spleen transport box and cover them. ② bee removal board: the bee removal board is set with a bee remover on the wooden sub-cover. There are 2-way, 6-way and multi-way bee removers. In the evening, add an empty spleen box to the nest box, add a bee board, and then add a honey storage box. A box of bees can be removed in about 12 hours with 2-way debees, 6-way in about 6 hours, and multi-way in about 2 hours. ③ repellent: benzaldehyde and propionic acid can repel bees. First, a wooden frame of the same size as the outer part of the relay box is nailed with a wooden board of 15 mm thick and 40 mm wide, 6 layers of black cloth are nailed on it, then a layer of iron is nailed, and the surface is painted black. When in use, first spray a few smoke into the honey storage trunk to drive the bees down, sprinkle 1:1 benzaldehyde or 1:1 propionic acid on the cloth that takes off the beehive, buckle it on the trunk, and drive the bees to the following box in 3-5 minutes. When benzaldehyde is 18 ℃ ~ 26 ℃ and propionic acid is 26 ℃ ~ 38 ℃, the effect is good. ④ bee blower: put the honey storage box on the iron rack of the bee blower and blow the bees down to the hive door with the nozzle blowing along the gap between the honey spleen. 3. Separate honey: the work of separating honey (shaking honey) should be carried out in a clean room that can prevent bees from drilling into people, fix the honey dividing machine so as not to shake violently when separating honey, cut off the cover that covers the honey room with a honey cutting knife, put the honey spleen of similar weight into the frame of the honey dividing machine, and turn the honey dividing machine to separate the honey. Generally regardless of the honey on the spleen, in order to avoid honey compressing the spawning area of the queen bee, when you need honey on the spleen, you should pay attention to avoid touching the surface of the spleen and slow down the speed so as not to throw out the larvae. The honey dividing machine has 2'4 frame changing face, 2'4 frame rotating, and many models of multi-frame radiation, which are selected according to the size of the beehive. It is best to apply a layer of beeswax to prevent rust in the honey distributor and clean it before and after use. Fourth, honey processing: separated honey often contains dead bees and their larvae, wax shavings, etc., filtered by binocular yarn and sealed in containers. The beehive can be covered with a water tank to store honey. Containers for long-term storage of honey should be rustproof and sealed. The special honey container is a steel bucket coated with polyester antirust paint. The wax cover of the cut honey chamber is placed on the gauze net on the container, the attached honey is filtered out, washed with warm water, and melted into wax blocks by adding water. After taking the last honey in a year, put the separated empty spleen in the relay box and add it to the strong group. Let the bees clean up the remaining honey on the spleen, and then fumigate and store it. The application of honey honey not only contains nutrients needed by human metabolism, but also has the function of inhibiting and killing bacteria, so honey is not only a safe food, but also widely used in medicine. 1. Honey is a safe food. Honey does not carry any pathogenic microorganisms that are harmful to the human body. It is a safe and unique food. Honey sugar substitute is both sweet and nutritious. Iron, folic acid, monosaccharide, invertase and vitamins in honey are necessary to promote children's growth and development, and have certain preventive and therapeutic effects on a variety of diseases susceptible to children. It is conducive to digestion and absorption, reduce allergic reactions, prevent dental caries, gastrointestinal infection, dysentery, mumps, measles and complications in children. And increase children's resistance to disease and promote sleep. For the elderly with hypertension, it is very beneficial to drink a cup of honey water every morning and evening. For patients with chronic hepatitis and poor liver function, often eating honey can improve liver function. For patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and long-term cough, honey is a good natural nutrition, which can strengthen the physique and reduce fatigue. Old people with gastroduodenal ulcer disease often take honey for better results. For patients with heart and mouth pain, 30 grams of honey with lukewarm water is added to a few drops of ginger juice to relieve the disease. Regular consumption can promote the exchange of oxygen in the human body and cell metabolism, anti-aging. How to eat: honey can be washed with lukewarm water or mixed with milk, soybean milk and porridge. Avoid taking with boiling water, with no more than 60 ℃, so as not to destroy vitamins, enzymes and other active substances, nutrients and natural flower fragrance, do not drink a lot of water immediately after eating honey, so as not to feel stomach acid. Daily consumption: 30-50 grams for children and teenagers and 50-100 grams for adults. 2. Clinical application of honey honey can treat trauma, scald, indigestion, constipation and liver protection, and it is also an adjuvant of Chinese and western medicine. Medical practice at home and abroad has proved that honey has the functions of moistening intestines, moisturizing lungs, anticorrosion, detoxification, moisturizing spleen and kidney and so on. It mainly treats dry pharynx and mouth, dry cough without phlegm, intestinal dryness and constipation, weakness of spleen and stomach, weakness and many diseases, body deficiency after illness, malnutrition and so on. Regular use of honey has a nourishing and conditioning effect on many diseases.