Techniques of controlling fattening cattle in Autumn and Winter

In autumn and winter, crop straw and other forage resources are rich, if you go to the market to buy a few lean cattle, after two or three months of intensive breeding, get to the column when the market price is high around the Spring Festival. First, the requirements of selecting frame cattle and fattening cattle. Shelf cattle usually refer to bulls or eunuchs weighing more than 250,350 kilograms and about 1.5 years old. They gain weight quickly and are easy to fatten, so they can be used to produce high-grade beef. But not all kinds of skinny cows can be fattened. The cattle that can be fattened had better be shelf cattle, that is, the cattle with thin body, big shelf and poor body condition caused by poor feeding management, single feed, lack of nutrition, lack of deworming and healthy stomach and so on. Those who have lost the ability of service cattle, eliminated breeding cattle, low-yield cows, old and frail cattle can also receive a better fattening effect after proper conditioning. Do not introduce sick cattle from the epidemic area. (1) breed: the frame cattle used for fattening had better be crossbred, which is convenient for intensity fattening and producing high-grade beef. (2) Age: it should be 1-1.5 years old and not reach the age of cattle. (3) Sex: uncastrated bull or castrated bull. In the past, it was generally believed that the fattening effect of castrated cattle was the best, but it was found that calves (under 24 months old) had the best fattening effect, fast weight gain, high lean meat rate, and meat quality was not affected. Generally speaking, bulls are better than castrates and castrates are better than cows. (4) weight: the shelf cattle weighing more than 250,350kg have neat growth and development, which is easy to adopt unified feeding mode and easy to manage. If the weight is more than 500,550 kilograms, the rate of weight gain will decrease. Second, the relevant preparatory work should be done before fattening. It takes about 7 to 15 days for cattle to adapt to the environment, feed, castration, deworming, stomach health, and so on. It takes about 7 days for fattening cattle to adapt to the environment and feed. The cattle can not be castrated until they are stable for 2 or 3 days, and the drug castration method, castration forceps method or epididymidectomy method are often adopted. Chongkexing was used to dispel parasites in and out of boves. the oral dosage of powder was 0.1 grams per kilogram of body weight, or subcutaneous injection of 0.2 milligrams per kilogram of body weight. Deworming should be carried out within 5-7 days after castration. The main purpose of invigorating the stomach is to use stomach-invigorating drugs to stimulate bovine taste receptors, promote the secretion of digestive juice, enhance appetite and promote the absorption of nutrients. Stomach-strengthening is usually carried out 3 days after deworming, giving each cow 60 grams of artificial salt or 450 grams of Jianwei Powder. Third, the law of tissue growth (1) the law of tissue growth: tissue growth is closely related to the breed, age, sex and body weight of cattle. Generally speaking, the weight gain rate of young cattle and young cattle which are not mature is faster, the feed reward is good, the effect of fattening is good, and it can be used for intensity fattening. The weight gain rate of adult cattle is slow, so it is not suitable for intensity fattening. The order of tissue growth of young cattle and young cattle was visceral organ-bone-muscle-fat, while that of adult cattle was mainly muscle and fat. Generally speaking, bulls or castrates with an age of 1 to 1.5 years old and weighing more than 300 kilograms are good for fattening. (2) compensatory growth: at a certain stage of the growth of shelf cattle, cattle show a temporary growth stagnation by controlling feed supply or feed quality. At an appropriate time, when the nutrition supply is restored, the cattle will show a faster than normal growth rate, make up for the original loss, or even exceed the normal growth level, which is called compensatory growth. This is an important means often adopted in the fattening of beef cattle in order to improve the economic benefit of raising cattle, reduce feed consumption and reduce feeding cost. However, it should be noted that the time of growth hindrance should not exceed 3 to 6 months, and the hindered stage should be carried out after the cattle grow to 3-6 months of age, not during the embryonic stage and within 3 months of birth. Improper use, will cause greater losses, nutrition control is generally about 75% of the normal amount. Fourth, scientific fattening cattle should not only feed high-quality hay, silage and micro-storage every day, but also adjust the feed formula according to breed, age, sex, fat condition and so on. Reference concentrate formula: corn 50%, bean cake 22%, wheat bran 25%, calcium bicarbonate 1.5%, auxin 0.5%, salt 2%. Fattening is divided into the following three stages: the first stage (6-8 days): mainly training cattle to adapt to formula feed. The method is to first mix a small amount of mixture into the straw feed, and the cattle can be fed automatically in the trough after 2 or 3 days. The second stage (10-12 days) was mainly to restore the body condition, each cow was fed with 700-750 grams of concentrate every day, and fed three times, forage was fed freely. The third stage (35-40 days) is the key stage of intensity fattening, in which each cow is fed with 1000 grams of concentrate and enough high-quality hay, silage or microsilage straw feed every day. Feed night grass when possible. Fifth, carefully manage the timely fattening period to provide cattle with a warm, dry, quiet and comfortable living environment. The reins of fixed cattle are generally set at about 35 cm to limit their movement. When the weather is fine, feed it and bathe it in the sun every day. Brush the cow once a day, keep the cow clean, clean the trough frequently, remove the leftovers, and prevent feeding mildew and spoilage. When the cow's body is broad and plump, the waist is straight, the thigh is thick, and the back, buttocks, shoulder blades, ribs and other parts of the cow are touched by the hands, the muscles are plump; when the hands touch the ear root, the front and back ribs, and feel that there is a large amount of fat deposition, it shows that the body is in good condition and can be fenced out. 6. Straw must be added to the diet of cattle. Straw must be included in the diet formula, which is an essential ingredient for healthy digestion of cattle. The proportion of concentrate in the diet increased in the later fattening stage, and if a certain amount of straw was not maintained, the digestion of cattle would be abnormal, resulting in rumen stagnation, even gastric nipple wear and death. There should also be 2% or 3% straw in the beef quality improvement diet. In order to make cattle eat more straw, to remove dust, softness is the most feasible, and straw broken into powder is not advisable. The straw is short, and it is better to be 5-7 cm. Rice straw, wheat straw and corn straw can be kneaded and shredded once. Straw processing technology: first, cleaning, soaking the straw for a short time, light Amoy to remove dust, and softening, which is mainly used for wheat straw and rice straw; second, soft rubbing, as mentioned in the previous section, is also softening, mainly corn straw; third, braised with salt water, with 1% warm salt water, the straw to be fed is wet, mixed, braised and pressed, covered with plastic sheeting, and fed one day later. Fourth, ammoniation, the straw is treated with water dissolved in urea to increase the protein content, which can be popularized when the price of urea is low.