Improvement and fattening techniques of Mutton Sheep

1. Technical brief introduction the improvement and fattening technology of mutton sheep is to use various hybrid methods to cross with local mutton sheep as female parent and introduce excellent meat breeds as male parent, and at the same time, a technology to produce meat sheep for hybrid offspring by using local resources and appropriate concentrate. The commercial mutton sheep cultivated in this way not only retains the characteristics of extensive and strong adaptability of local mutton sheep, but also has the advantages of fast growth, high meat production and good meat quality of foreign fine breeds, and makes rational use of local grassy slopes and all kinds of agricultural and sideline resources. it is helpful for farmers to become rich and well-off. 2. Technical operation 1, improvement of meat sheep (1) main meat sheep breeds: the main meat sheep breeds are small tail Han sheep, Hu sheep, Charolais sheep, Texel, non-horned Dorset sheep and Suffolk sheep. The main meat goat breeds are: Chengdu Ma Sheep, Nanjiang Yellow Goat, Huai Goat, Wanzai Goat, Matou Goat, Boer Goat and Saneng Dairy Goat. (2) the common cross combinations used in the production of high quality mutton sheep are: Charolais (♂) × small tail Han sheep (♀), Boer goats (♂) × Chengbu Ma sheep (♀), the first generation of rams are used for fattening, the first generation of ewes are crossed with Boer goats, and the second generation of hybrid goats are all fattened. Boer goats (♂) × Nanjiang yellow goats (♀), FI (♂) were used for lamb production, FI (♀) crossed with Boer goats (♂), the second generation of hybrids were all used for fattening lambs, Chengdu Ma sheep (♂) × local goats (♀) were used for fattening, and ewes of the first generation were crossbred with Boer goats, and all their offspring were fattened. 2. Key points of fattening techniques of high-quality mutton sheep (1) feeding key points of high-quality mutton sheep ① fattening lamb production is divided into house feeding production system and grazing production system. Young lambs have two physiological characteristics: one is that before 6 months old, the growth and development is very fast, and after that, the growth rate slows down. Second, before the age of 4 months, the rumen is not fully developed, and the decomposition of rumen microorganisms is relatively weak. therefore, the concentrate feed is degraded into the true stomach with only a small amount of degradation in the rumen, and then converted into glucose and other organic matter is absorbed. In this way, the feed utilization rate is higher, and the economic benefit is good. Select varieties with precocious maturity and larger individuals. For supplementary feeding of lambs, cereal feed can be used with appropriate amount of soybean cake (meal), or mixed concentrate can be used. For example: 55% corn, 22% wheat bran, 30% soybean meal, 1% salt, 2% fishmeal concentrate feed for lambs increases with age. From 20 days of age to 2 months of age, each lamb was fed 50ml 70g, 1-2 months old 100ml 150g, 2-3 months 200g, 3-4 months 250g, twice a day. The concentrate feed should be high-quality legume forage, such as alfalfa. There is also a practice of allowing lambs to eat roughage in the trough freely with ewes. Strengthen the feeding of ewes. Ewes should be grazed on high-quality pastures or fed to high-quality leguminous forage. At the same time, each ewe was fed 0.4 Mil 0.7 kg mixed feed every day. The composition of mixed concentrate (%): corn 60, wheat bran 8, cottonseed cake 16, soybean meal 12, salt 1, calcium hydrogen phosphate 3. The lambs were weaned early. Under the current production level in China, lambs for house-feeding fattening lambs can be weaned at the age of 60 days, or after 42 days of age if the supplementary feeding conditions are good. To select fattening sheep, lambs with large size, good growth, strong feeding ability and disease-free should be selected from the flock to form a fattening group after weaning. It is best to choose male lambs because they grow fast and do not reach sexual maturity at this time. Ensure a stable and consistent feed supply. The feed of lambs after weaning should be the same as that of supplementary feeding, which is helpful to alleviate the stress caused by weaning. The feed during the fattening period should also strive to maintain a consistent composition. Ensure an appropriate nutrition level, carry out fattening lamb production, require high protein and energy levels in the diet, crude protein level up to or close to 20%, appropriate calcium and phosphorus ratio, and feeding standards for fattening lamb production. Rationally prepare and process fattening diets. In addition to meeting the requirements of energy, protein and cellulose, fattening rations should also contain vitamin and mineral feed additives and antibiotics (such as oxytetracycline). To strengthen sanitation management, there must always be an adequate and clean supply of drinking water, the house is well ventilated, the ground is dry, bedding grass is laid, and the feed is not contaminated. ② lamb production at present lamb fattening is the main body of China's mutton industry, is an effective way to improve mutton production and sheep production efficiency, but also in line with the reality and traditional practice in rural areas. According to the different organizational forms and technical systems of sheep production, it can be divided into grazing supplementary feeding production system, house feeding production system and full grazing production system. Here is only an introduction to the grazing and supplementary feeding production system: arrange the best lambing season and implement the fattening production system in the same year, so that the fattening lambs can be fattened just before New Year's Day and the Spring Festival, and considerable economic benefits can be obtained. At the same time, it is also beneficial to the supply of forage. In order to make the lamb have a longer growth and fattening period, the ideal time for lambing should be in the early spring of each year, so that the body weight of the lamb at the end of the year can reach about 35 kg or even higher. Choose the ideal fattening time. Generally speaking, the mixed concentrate should be added in the early and middle of October. If fattening starts early, the total feeding period will be shortened, which will affect the fattening weight and skin quality of lambs. The weaning time of lambs is generally 2-4 months old, large lambs can be weaned in advance, and for weak lambs, weaning time can be delayed appropriately. For weaned lambs, those who are not castrated should be castrated. The lambs should be treated with deworming and medicine bath, grouped according to the principle of similar body weight and individual size, grazed separately, replenished and managed separately. To ensure adequate grazing time, it should be more than 9 hours per day, so as to increase the feed intake of lambs and promote the growth and development of lambs. After the return of grazing every day, the lambs should be supplemented with roughage. After the beginning of winter, the feeding amount of roughage should be increased, feeding better quality roughage, such as peanut seedlings, sweet potato seedlings and so on. The mixed feed should be supplemented and fed twice in the morning and evening. With the gradual increase of feeding age, it belongs to the stage of centralized fattening about 2 months before going out of the column. It should be taken as the focus of supplementary feeding, and the amount of mixed concentrate should be increased. 3. Key points of production and management of high-quality mutton sheep (1) castration of rams. Castration of male lambs about 18 days after birth can be postponed if it is cloudy or weak; castration is best carried out before 10:00 in the morning for nursing care. Castration can be done by knife cutting or ligation. (2) the removal of the horn of the ram. For sheep with horns, horn removal should be performed within 5-10 months after birth. There are two methods of horn removal: cauterization and erosion. (3) severing the tail. Tail amputation should be carried out within 10 days of lamb growth, when the tail is thinner and less bleeding. There are thermal amputation and ligation. (4) shearing. It can be used in the production of fat lambs without shearing or shearing once. Lambs are generally sheared once or twice, that is, they can be clipped once in spring and autumn, and goats only cut their coarse hair once a year in spring. Shearing should choose a sunny day when there is no wind, so that the sheep will not catch a cold because of shearing. After shearing, collect the wool according to grade for sale. (5) medicine bath. Stop feeding 8 hours before the medicine bath, and give the sheep enough water 3 hours before entering the bath to prevent the sheep from drinking the liquid. The healthy sheep are bathed first, and the sheep with scabies are bathed last. Scope of application this technology is applicable to the broad masses of farmers and small and medium-sized sheep enterprises.