High-yielding Culture techniques in Changkou Pond

Long-kiss mackerel, also known as Jiangtuan, is a valuable economic fish in China. After several years of high-yield culture in ponds, our output has basically reached 400-500 kg / mu. Now the breeding techniques are summarized as follows. First, pond conditions. It is required that the water quality is fresh, the dissolved oxygen is high, and the pH value is 7-8.2, so the pond should be located near the water source, where the drainage and irrigation is convenient and the environment is quiet. The pond area is generally 1000-3000 square meters, the water depth is 1.5-2 meters, rectangular, east-west direction, the pool wall is hardened with masonry or cement, the bottom silt is not more than 10 cm, each pond is equipped with a 3-kilowatt impeller aerator. Second, the release of fish species. Artificial domestication and cultivation of one-winter-old fish species with strong physique and neat specifications are selected. Generally, there are 800 fish fry of 800 fish per mu, 300 silver carp and 75 bighead carp per mu, and 5 mandarin fish or sea bass to control wild fish in the pond. Carp, grass carp, tilapia and other competing fish can not be put. Fish stocking is generally better at the beginning of March. Sprinkle the whole pond with quicklime 100kg / mu chemical pulp 10 days before fish stocking, and release water to the required water level 7 days later. Before stocking, wash the fish with 15-20 mg / L potassium permanganate solution or 3%-5% salt water for 15 minutes to kill pathogens and enemy organisms. Third, feed. After switching to food and domestication in the seedling stage, long snout fish is mainly compound feed, and its crude protein content should reach 40% to 45%. The main raw materials are imported fish meal, dried fish, bean cake, peanut cake, wheat bran, yeast powder, mineral salt, vitamins and so on. Hard pellet feed is made with a particle size of 3 mm, 4 mm and 5 mm. At the beginning, the feed particle size was 3 mm, and then changed to 4 mm and 5 mm with the weight gain of fish. Feeding should be fixed, timed and quantified, and a feed table should be built on one side of the pond. After the fish is released, the fish are domesticated, first trained with sound at the feed table to make the pond fish form a conditioned reflex, and then slowly fed by hand, twice a day at 8: 00 a.m. and 8: 00 p.m., the proportion of 4 ∶ 6 in the morning and afternoon, each operation should be careful, until the fish are full and gone, the daily feeding volume is generally 1.5% and 3%. Fourth, water quality regulation. Changkou likes the pool water with fresh water quality and high dissolved oxygen. At ordinary times, it should strengthen the water quality management, insist on adding new water frequently, start the aerator in time, and make rational use of biological agents to regulate water quality. From June to September is the peak growing season, the water should be flushed every other day, the sewage should be discharged and changed once a month, and the amount of water should be 1 × 4 of the pool water. Try to increase the oxygen equipment, start the aerator at the right time, turn on at noon on a sunny day, open in the early morning on a cloudy day, open in the middle of the night, do not open in the evening, open early in the floating head, open every day in the growing season, and run for a short noon and a long midnight. Cool short, muggy long, heavy load, long time, small load, short time. Regular application of photosynthetic bacteria, the dosage is 1020g / cu m. Sprinkle raw lime water regularly, usually every half a month or so during the breeding period, with a dosage of 510kg per mu. It is appropriate to keep the dissolved oxygen in the pond water not less than 5 mg / L, the pH value is 7.2-8.2, and the transparency of the water body is 30-40 cm, but it should be flexibly controlled according to the season and pond water quality and fatness, and the water quality should not be too thin. If the water source is abundant and the temperature is suitable, micro-running water can also be used with regular flushing. Fifth, daily management. Patrol the pond frequently, keep patrolling the pond in the morning, middle and afternoon, remove residual feed, dirt and cleaning platform, observe the phenomenon of floating head of pond fish, and increase the frequency of pond patrol at night or arrange night shift management in hot season and sudden weather. Start eating early and start feeding and domestication the next day after the fish are released. Combined with pond patrol, look at the weather, the color of the water and the eating of fish every day. The fish were randomly checked every 15 days to check the feeding, fat and thinness of the fish, and through weighing and counting, the growth rate of the fish, the total amount of pond fish and the potency of the feed were calculated, and the feeding amount in the next stage was determined. Sixth, disease prevention and treatment. The whole pond is sprinkled with quicklime once every half month, the dosage is about 10 kg / mu, 1.5% allicin is added to the feed for a long time, and the bait is made of Yu Sukang every month for 3 consecutive days to prevent enteritis. Every month, chlorine and copper sulfate are used to sprinkle the whole pool alternately, with a concentration of 0.2 kg / m3 and 0.3 g / m3, respectively. In feeding and management, we should pay attention to observe the feeding situation of fish schools at any time, and find abnormal reactions or diseased fish, we should treat them as soon as possible.