Occurrence and control of total erosion disease of wheat

Total erosive disease of wheat is a root disease. After heading, there is a black plaster-like mycelium at the base of the stem, so it is also called Blackfoot. The strain has a wide host range and can infect more than 10 species of cultivated or wild Gramineae. After the wheat was damaged by total erosion disease, the tillers decreased, the panicle rate was low, the 1000-grain weight decreased, and some of them formed withered booting and withered white spikes in the later stage. Light plots generally reduce production by 10%, 20%, serious production reduction of more than 50%, or even no harvest.

First, the main identification symptoms:

At the seedling stage, the diseased plants were short, with many yellow leaves in the lower part, and the seed roots and stems in the ground turned gray-black, which in serious cases caused the wheat seedlings to die. At jointing stage, the seedlings of winter wheat disease turn green slowly, there are few tillers, most of the roots of diseased plants turn black, early withered and white ears appear in clusters or spots of diseased plants at heading and filling stage, and a black mycelium layer like "black plaster" is formed on the inside of the leaf sheath at the base of the stem, which is easy to identify. This is also the main symptom that distinguishes it from other wheat root diseases.

Second, the route of transmission and the conditions of the disease:

The pathogen of total erosion of wheat is a kind of soil resident bacteria. The bacteria overwintered mainly in summer with diseased remains left by hyphae in the soil. It is the main infection source of wheat in the following crop. Shortly after the seeds germinated after wheat sowing in autumn, the mycelium of summer pathogen could invade the seed root and overwinter in the seed root. Most of the diseased plants died one after another in the filling stage, white ears appeared, and the diseased plants died rapidly in case of dry and hot wind. The developmental temperature limit of wheat take-all pathogen was 3Mel 35 ℃, and the suitable temperature was 19Mel 24 ℃. Soil properties and tillage management conditions have great influence on total erosion disease. In general, the soil quality is loose and the fertility is low, and the incidence of alkaline soil is more serious. Wheat was sown too early in autumn, and soil moisture was beneficial to the occurrence and spread of the disease. The developed root varieties have strong disease resistance, and the application of rotten organic fertilizer can reduce the disease. The influence of climate. Rain Water is big before winter, the temperature during overwintering is on the high side, and the warm and rainy spring is beneficial to the occurrence of the disease.

3. Prevention and control methods:

1. It is forbidden to introduce varieties from disease areas to prevent the spread of diseases, and not to exchange or use the self-retained species of diseased fields. 2. Crop rotation. The implementation of wheat-cotton, wheat-vegetable rotation, can also be changed to soybeans, peanuts and so on, can significantly reduce the incidence of disease. 3. Increase the application of rotten organic fertilizer. 4. Wheat is suitable for late sowing and shortening the effective infection period. 5. Chemical control.

(1) the seeds were mixed with 0.8% pentonitrile suspension and wheat seeds at 1:3, and then piled for 4 hours or dried. It can not only control wheat total erosion disease, but also control root rot, smut and other diseases.

(2) mix wheat seeds with 10ml 20ml or 12.5% total erosion water suspending agent 20-40ml mixed with 150g water and 10kg wheat seeds with 3% diclofenac 50m 100ml plus 2.5% Xerox. Broadcast at any time.