Prevention and Control of Tomato malformation and hollowed Fruit

Greenhouse tomatoes are extremely prone to deformed fruits and hollow fruits, and some of the diseased plants are more than 50%, and even the first ear of tomato in the greenhouse is all deformed or hollow, which delays the listing period and reduces the yield and quality.

First, symptoms

Malformed fruit: tomato fruit appears peach shape, irregular expansion, large cork scar or exserted fruit on the outer skin.

Hollow fruit: a hole is formed between the tomato pericarp and the pulp colloid, and the appearance of the fruit is polygonal.

Second, etiology

The main results are as follows: 1. the cause of abnormal fruit is mainly caused by improper management at seedling stage. The normal development of tomato fruit depends on the quality of flower bud differentiation. The first-third panicle flower bud differentiation stage is in the seedling stage from 2-3 true leaves to 7-8 true leaves. If the seedling is not managed properly in winter, the flower bud differentiation is poor when the light is weak and the night temperature is lower than 10 ℃. For example, if the air temperature is low and the water is sufficient and nitrogen fertilizer is abundant, the flower bud is easy to over-differentiate and form multi-fusiform fruit. For example, the seedling age is elongated, the seedling stage is low temperature and drought, the seedling is in a state of inhibition, the flower organ is easy to be corked, and the scar fruit and exserted fruit are formed after fruit setting.

2. The cause of hollow fruit: it is mainly caused by improper management of flowering and fruiting period. (1) the effect of fruit setting hormone. Two days before flowering, the peel grows rapidly and the placenta develops poorly, resulting in a cavity near the outside of the pericarp. Too high concentration of fruit setting hormone or in overcast and snowy weather will also cause hollow fruit. (2) during the fruit setting period, when the fruit is exposed to low temperature and weak light for a long time, the photosynthetic products are reduced, and the supply of nutrients to the fruit is in short supply. (3) the large fruit type varieties that need a lot of fertilizer, such as Maofan 802, etc., can not keep up with the supply of fertilizer; (4) insufficient watering during the fruit setting period, the fruit growth and development is hindered.

III. Prevention and control methods

1. Prevention and control of deformed fruit (1) during the seedling raising period, the daytime temperature should be kept at 20-25 ℃ and the night temperature should be kept at 13-17 ℃ to prevent the occurrence of low temperature below 10 ℃, resulting in deformed flowers. (2) when the seedlings are overgrowing, the seedling control measures of cooling and drought should not be taken only. On the basis of maintaining a suitable temperature, moisture should be properly controlled, and 85% 2000mg/ kg of soluble powder or 1000-1500mg/ kg of dwarftin should be sprayed at the same time, which can control overgrowth without affecting the normal differentiation of flower buds. (3) abnormal fruit can not develop into normal fruit, so it should be removed as soon as possible to reduce nutrient consumption and promote the growth of other flowers and fruits.

2. Prevention and treatment of hollow fruit (1) rational use of fruit-setting hormone. Especially at low temperatures in early spring, wait for the flowers to bloom before spraying with hormones. It can also be treated with hormone after vibrating flowers to promote pollination after the flowers bloom, which can prevent the falling flowers and promote the normal expansion of the fruit. 2the concentration of hormones such as 4MZ D should be properly formulated, and it should be used in the morning or afternoon and on a sunny day. (2) for Maofan 802 and other large fruit varieties, it is necessary to water and fertilize in time during flowering and fruit setting to prevent malnutrition caused by lack of fertilizer and water. (3) after flowering and setting fruit in early spring, if there is a long period of low temperature, overcast and snow weather, the tomato should be heated in time to keep the night temperature above 13 ℃. (4) the fruits with lighter holes can be matured normally by strengthening the management of fertilizer and water. Fruits with serious holes should be removed as soon as possible so as not to consume nutrients.