Cultivation techniques of turnip and cabbage

Turnip cabbage, alias ocean vine, pimple, kohlrabi, gray radish, is a biennial herb of Brassica cruciferae. The cultivation history in China is very short, but it has the characteristics of wide adaptability, strong stress resistance, easy cultivation, high yield and both grain and vegetable. Therefore, it is cultivated in Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Inner Mongolia, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Fujian, Yunnan, Guizhou and other places. Turnip cabbage is rich in nutrition, suitable for cooking and can replace grain. Food can be fried or salted, and it is also a good feed. 1. Species and varieties 1.  leaves of Shanghai turnip cabbage are semi-erect. The leaf is long Obovate, the leaf color is dark green, the leaf surface is covered with white powder, the leaf is deeply divided, and 6-8 pairs of lateral lobed leaves. The fleshy root is nearly spherical, the unearthed part of the skin is purple, the embedded part is light yellow, and the meat is white-green. The growth period is about 100 days, and the weight of single root is 800g to 1000g. The meat is fine in quality and medium in quality. Resistant to storage, can be fried or pickled. The seeds were sown from late July to early August, planted in late August and harvested in December. Cultivation is common in Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangsu, Shandong and other provinces and cities. 2. Bashang Goutaojing  is mainly distributed in Bashang area of Hebei Province. The leaf is big, the leaf number is many, the color is thick green, the wax powder is many, is close to the cabbage type, the plant is larger. Fleshy root short spindle-shaped, there are more thick hairy roots, shaped like a dog's head, hence the name. There are three kinds of skin colors: purple skin, yellow skin and white skin. Late ripening, the growth period is 120 days. Cold tolerance, drought tolerance, barren tolerance, fertilizer and water resistance, disease resistance and high yield. Single root weight 2.5~3kg, general yield 3000~4000kg per mu. This variety can be eaten raw and steamed, and it is mostly used for pickling, not only for vegetables, but also for feed. Local open-air live broadcast in late May, plant spacing 35~50cm, row spacing 70~80cm. Harvest from late September to early October. 3. Sichuan kohlrabi The leaf cluster is semi-erect, the leaf surface is smooth, dark green, waxed powder, the base of petiole is purplish red. The single root of fleshy root weighs 800g, and the largest one is 2500~3000kg. It is mainly used for pickling. Long growing period, drought tolerance, cold resistance and strong disease resistance. 4. Shandong turnip cabbage is distributed in Shandong, Hebei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai and other places. There are two kinds of split leaves and plate leaves. In the split leaf species, the leaves are spreading, the fleshy roots are round, the root head is dark purple, small, the shortening stem is elongated (3~6cm) due to the shedding of the old leaves during harvest, the root neck is dilated, lavender, and the skin is smooth. The taproot is yellow-white or gray-white, with more lateral roots. The developed fleshy roots have an average weight of 1~1.5kg, good quality and extremely cold resistance. In Shanghai and Jiangsu, fleshy roots can survive the winter in the open field. The leaf seed coat is green, the embedded part is white, the root is smaller and precocious than the split leaf species, the plant is semi-erect and can be closely planted, and its distribution is not as wide as that of the split leaf species. 5. Nanjing turnip cabbage leaves are semi-erect, long Obovate and deeply parted, with 4-5 pairs of small lateral lobed leaves, dark green in color, slightly covered with wax powder, fleshy roots oblate, light green in the roots and white in the soil. The meat is white and has less moisture. The weight of single root is 500g to 1000g. To stir-fry, pickling-based, as well as feed. The seeds were sown in the suburbs of Nanjing from early to late July, planted in August, and harvested from late November to early December. 6. Changsha turnip cabbage is mainly produced in Wangcheng area of Changsha and was introduced from Shanghai in the 1950s. The leaf cluster is semi-erect, the leaf is pinnately parted, the color is dark green, covered with wax powder. The fleshy root is round, long 17.4cm, coarse 15.6cm, the unearthed part of the epidermis is purplish red, the embedded part of the epidermis is gray. The root meat is white and rich in starch. The single root weighs about 3kg and is mainly used for pickling. Late ripening, the growing period is 110-120 days. Strong adaptability, cold resistance, not heat resistance, like fertilizer and water, disease resistance. Yield of 1500~2000kg per mu. Intercropping it with rice locally, sowing and raising seedlings at the beginning of August, and planting in early September. Line spacing 50cm, root spacing 30~40cm. Second, cultivation techniques 1. Cultivation season. Turnip and cabbage are mostly cultivated in autumn or autumn and winter, and can also be sown in spring in colder areas. The provinces in the Yangtze River Basin sowed more seeds and seedlings in the first and middle of August, Guangdong, Fujian and other provinces sowed from September to October, the Huang-Huai River Basin sowed more than the first and middle of July, and Hebei generally sowed in the middle and last ten days of April. 2. Soil preparation and fertilization. Turnip cabbage likes loose soil, rich in organic matter and good air permeability. After the previous crop harvest, 2500~4000kg mature soil manure or 1500~2000kg manure and urine were applied per mu as base fertilizer. After raking and drying in the south, it is made into a deep trench and high border with a width of 1.3 to 1.5 meters and a height of 15~20cm. 3. Direct seeding or raising seedlings. Turnip and cabbage can be directly seeded or nurtured and transplanted. Direct seeding can be carried out by strip sowing or hole sowing according to the local suitable sowing time, and the plant distance is 26~33cm. The sowing date of seedling transplanting is generally 7-10 days earlier than that of direct sowing, and the seedling age is about 30 days. Cover the soil with 1cm after seed sowing, and pay attention to the control of underground pests. Timely planting, to open deep and diameter 13cm holes, so that the roots of the seedlings in the hole upright, the soil should not be too deep or too shallow, should be buried to the base of cotyledons, timely watering of roots after planting, in order to facilitate the survival of seedlings. 4. Fertilizer and water management. Turnip cabbage has the characteristics of fertilizer tolerance, barren tolerance, strong water absorption and so on. However, in order to achieve high yield, fertilizer and water management must be strengthened. In order to increase the application of organic fertilizer, we should apply topdressing twice in the vegetative growth stage, after survival and during the fleshy root expansion stage, and pay attention to potash fertilizer, which can be applied in the fleshy root expansion stage. Turnip cabbage likes to wet the soil, watering it in time during the seedling stage and survival period, and paying attention to waterlogging on rainy days. The fleshy root needs more water in the peak growth period, so it should be irrigated at the right time, and it can be watered once every 5-7 days. 5. Harvest. The northern areas are generally harvested after severe frost, and can be buried in ditches and cellars after harvest. In the areas where the winter is not very cold in the Yangtze River basin, it is usually about 100 days after the seedlings are fixed or planted, and the upper leaves are harvested one after another after yellowing, and generally not stored.