Production of sprouts and seedlings

Sprouts are also called sprouts. In addition to several bean sprouts that people often eat, in recent years, seeds, roots and branches of crops have been used as breeding materials to produce sprouts, bud balls, buds, young stems or shoots for consumption under the conditions of weak light and suitable temperature. its quality is fresh, nutritious, non-polluting and has the effect of health care, and is deeply welcomed by consumers. The growth cycle of sprouts is short, the biological benefit is high, and the yield of seeds is 4-8 times, and the economic benefit is very significant. However, the production of sprouts also requires certain techniques, mainly as follows:

1. Species of budding

① seed sprouts. The nutrients stored in the seeds are directly cultivated into young buds or seedlings. In addition to the common soybeans, mung beans, black beans and broad bean sprouts, the seeds of crops such as peas, radishes, Toona sinensis, buckwheat and other crops can also be used as raw materials to cultivate pea seedlings, Chinese Toona sinensis, malt and radish sprouts to be put on the market. it has become a kind of new vegetable that the majority of urban and rural residents like to eat.

② sprouts. Use the nutrients stored in 2-year-old or perennial reports, fleshy taproots, rhizomes or branches to cultivate edible bud balls, buds, young stems or shoots. For example, bitter ginger and dandelion cultivated with persistent roots; chicory buds cultivated with chicory and fleshy taproots under dark and suitable temperature conditions; ginger buds, asparagus, bamboo shoots (young stems) cultivated with roots; Toona sinensis buds and Chinese wolfberry heads (tender buds) cultivated from plant branches and branches all belong to somatic buds.

2. In cultivation facilities, the optimum temperature for the growth of all kinds of sprouts is 20-25 ℃ (pea requires 18-23 ℃). When the outside temperature is higher than 18-20 ℃, it can be cultivated in the open air, but it needs proper shading, strengthening water spraying and keeping moist. In winter, early spring and late autumn, energy-saving solar greenhouse, arch greenhouse and house can be used for cultivation, and cultivation equipment can be prepared.

① cultivation rack. In order to make use of multi-layer three-dimensional cultivation, angle iron, steel bar, bamboo and wood can be used to make a cultivation frame of 3 to 5 layers, with a spacing of 30 cm to 40 cm, and the width depends on the length of the nursery bed. For ease of operation, the height of the frame is no more than 1.5 meters.

② container and matrix. Cultivation containers generally choose plastic seedling tray, the specification is 60 cm long, 25 cm wide, about 5 cm high. Plastic baskets and fruit plates with small holes can also be used. The matrix can choose white paper (or old newspaper), white cotton cloth, river sand, perlite and so on.

③ sprinkler facility. In order to ensure the demand for water in the growth of sprouts, the substrate must be kept moist, so it is necessary to strengthen spraying. Micro-spraying facilities should be installed in large area cultivation, and sprayers and bottles should be provided when the area is small.

3. Cultivation techniques.

At present, the main production is pea sprouts, followed by radish, Toona sinensis, buckwheat sprouts and so on. The main cutting techniques are as follows:

① was selected strictly. In the cultivation of sprouts, new seeds with a germination rate of more than 95%, high purity and purity and full grains should be selected. Especially the seeds of Toona sinensis are easy to lose their germination power under the condition of high temperature, so we should pay more attention to the selection of new seeds that have not passed the summer (rub off the wings before use). If sprouts are cultivated with such seeds, the seedlings will grow fast. Sturdy. less fiber, good quality and high yield.

Seeds were soaked in ② to accelerate germination. Wash the seeds with 20-30 ℃ clean water for 2 times, and then soak the seeds with water 2-3 times the seed volume. Winter time is slightly longer, summer is slightly shorter, generally pea seed soaking 18 hours 24 hours, Toona sinensis 12 hours 20 hours, buckwheat 24 hours 36 hours, radish 6 hours 8 hours. After soaking the seeds, rub the mucus off the seed coat and put the seeds in a flat-bottomed container. Covered with wet towels, peas were placed at 18: 23 ℃, radish and buckwheat at 23: 26 ℃. Toona sinensis was placed at 20: 23 ℃ for sprouting. The buds can be sown when they grow to 2cm or 3cm.

Sow seeds on ③. Wash the sowing plate and cover the bottom with 1-2 layers of white paper (or old newspaper) to make the paper absorb enough water. Spread the germinated seeds evenly on the wet substrate. The general disk sowing rate of 60 × 25 × 5 cm is as follows: pea 350 × 170g, buckwheat 150g 170g, radish 80~l00 g, Toon 30g 50g. After sowing, stack the seedling plates neatly on top of each other and cover them with black plastic film. Peas are placed on the shelf at 18 ℃, Mangmai and radish at 30 ℃ and 25 ℃, and Toona sinensis at 20 ℃. After 2 days, the seedling plates can be put on the shelf and grow in light.

④ sprout management. Light: buckwheat sprouts and radish sprouts need strong light, seed seedlings of Toona sinensis need medium light, and pea sprouts have wide adaptability. During the middle and long period of bud growth, the light is not too strong, otherwise the fiber cord is formed early and affects the quality; if the light is too weak, it is easy to make the bud seedling thin and weak, and lead to lodging and decay. Moisture: because the sprouts are fresh and succulent, they must be watered frequently and sprayed 2 or 3 times a day to the degree that the substrate on the plate is moist and does not drip a lot of water. Spray more when the weather is hot, dry, and less when it is cloudy and rainy or the temperature is low. Ventilation: ventilation should be carried out every day combined with the adjustment of temperature and humidity.

4. Harvest. Sprouts take tender stems and leaves as products, with tender tissue and the highest water content, so they are often sold in vivo. The harvest criteria are as follows: pea sprouts: buds are light yellowish green, 10-12 cm high, top cotyledons unfold, tender and non-fibrotic. Seedling Toona sinensis: the bud is dark green, 8cm high, the cotyledons unfold, the heart leaves come out at the end, and the fragrance is rich. Buckwheat malt: Bud seedling cotyledons green, hypocotyls red, 12-15 cm high, cotyledons spreading, fully hypertrophic. Radish sprouts: the buds are emerald green, 8cm high and the cotyledons are spreading and hypertrophic.