Physiological Diseases and Control of Mushroom

Mushroom is more sensitive to the environment, poor cultivation environment, will hinder its normal growth and development, resulting in a variety of abnormal phenomena, resulting in the reduction of mushroom yield and quality. The common physiological diseases of mushroom are mycelium growing, hard umbrella opening, thin skin opening early or Pleurotus ostreatus, empty root Pleurotus ostreatus and so on. The symptoms of excessive growth of hyphae are introduced as follows: after the mushroom bed is covered with soil and transferred water, the mushroom villi hyphae will continue to grow to the fine soil surface, and in serious cases, a kind of fine and impervious quilt will be formed, thus delaying the mushroom emergence time and reducing the yield of mushrooms. The cause: it is mainly due to the light and fast water transfer in the soil layer, the mushroom room temperature exceeding 22 degrees Celsius, humidity exceeding 90%, and poor ventilation. Preventive measures: 1, try not to use aerial mycelium growth is too exuberant, too dense bacteria. 2. After covering the soil, the water transfer of the soil layer should not be too urgent, and the water spraying should be carried out when the weather is cool in the morning and evening. At the same time, the ventilation of the mushroom room should be increased and the air relative humidity should be reduced. 3. It is necessary to re-cover the soil immediately and spray more water appropriately to promote the mycelium to form a fruiting body in time, or gently rake the covered soil surface before the mushroom bud is formed, increase ventilation and reduce relative humidity. The symptoms of Pleurotus ostreatus (Pleurotus ostreatus) mainly appeared in the early stage of mushroom emergence, and the fruiting body was low, which usually occurred in the culture material, the material surface or the lower part of the coarse soil layer. The causes are as follows: 1. When the temperature, humidity and air conditions in the culture material are suitable for fruiting body growth, the mycelium will kink around the soil to form a primordium. After the primordium differentiation, it grows upward and comes out of the top mud. If the upward conditions are not suitable, it will turn around and grow under the bed to form bed mushrooms. 2. If the water transfer time of coarse soil is too long, the excessive ventilation of mushroom room and the decrease of temperature of mushroom room will inhibit the growth of mycelium into coarse soil and promote the mushroom formation too early; the fine soil cover is too late and thick, and the water transfer is not timely; the water transfer is too fast, too urgent or the ventilation time is too long after water transfer, the humidity of the soil layer is not enough, and the mycelium does not go up to the fine soil for a long time, which will depress the mushroom position. 3. Spraying water too early, too quickly or too much water spray will inhibit the upward growth of the mycelium in the soil layer and force the mycelium to kink between the coarse soil particles, thus reducing the mushroom position, resulting in sparse mushroom production, abnormal mushroom position and the increase of Pleurotus ostreatus. Preventive measures: 1. When laying the culture material, the soil clods mixed in the material should be picked out. 2. Cover the soil evenly and cover the fine soil as far as possible when the coarse soil layer has not yet formed a small bacterial bud. 3. The water transfer in the soil layer should be uniform and properly ventilated, and ventilation should be reduced after the water transfer. 4. In the stage of mycelium culture in the soil layer, it is necessary to control the temperature of the mushroom room, prevent the temperature from being too low, and maintain a certain relative humidity of the air (about 85%), so as to promote the mycelium to grow into the soil layer, hang the mycelium growth part, and spray the mushroom water properly at the right time to prevent the mushroom from setting early and the mushroom position too low. Symptoms of hollow-root Pleurotus ostreatus: the tissue of mushroom stalk is not substantial, and there is a white loose pith inside. The pith shrinks or falls off into a hollow shape after drying or cooking. The cause is mainly due to improper water management. if the air humidity of the mushroom room is low, the soil layer humidity is low, especially the water content of the coarse soil layer is insufficient, the rapidly growing fruiting body will not be able to get sufficient water from the soil layer. furthermore, the transport and supply of nutrients will be reduced, coupled with the continuous evaporation of water in the mushroom body, which will result in a lack of water in the middle of the stalk and a lack of tissue, resulting in the phenomenon of hollow roots. Preventive measures: 1. When transferring water from coarse soil and spraying mushroom water and mushroom water, the amount of water should be sufficient to prevent false wetness of soil particles. 2. Spray mushroom water once after mushroom emergence to ensure that the coarse soil layer can be replenished continuously during the whole peak period of mushroom production. 3. In the stage of growing mushrooms, we should often spray and humidify the mushroom room, and the relative humidity of the air in the mushroom room should reach 90%. When the temperature is high, it should be ventilated in the morning and evening or at night to prevent the loss of water too quickly. Symptom of hard parachute opening: when the mushroom fruiting body is not mature, the cap and stalk split apart, and the reddish folds are exposed. The cause of occurrence: it is mainly due to the rapid change of air temperature (the temperature is below 18 degrees Celsius and the temperature difference is about 10 degrees Celsius), resulting in the temperature contrast between material temperature, soil temperature and air temperature, and the disorder of nutritional metabolism and physiological metabolism of mushroom stalk. The fungal stalk rooted in the soil layer and the cover exposed to the surface of the soil layer cracked due to the unbalanced growth. Preventive measures: strengthen the heat preservation measures in the mushroom room, do not allow ventilation at night, do not let the cold wind blow into the mushroom room. At the same time, adjust the air relative humidity to promote the balanced growth of all parts of the mushroom body. Symptoms of early opening of umbrella with thin skin: thin cover of fruiting body handle and early opening of umbrella. Causes: the mushroom density is too high, the temperature of the mushroom room is too high, the air relative humidity is not enough, the soil layer on the bed is dry, the fruiting body grows fast, and so on, will form a thin skin and open the umbrella early. Preventive measures: properly control the mushroom position, the ventilation time of the mushroom room should be selected in the morning and evening, reduce the temperature of the mushroom room, and appropriately increase the moisture of the soil layer on the bed and the relative humidity of the air.