Key points of feeding and management of laying hens at different stages

There have been many breakthroughs in the breed improvement technology of laying hens. The trend of layer breed improvement is to advance the sexual maturity of hens, improve to smaller body size, higher laying peak, and enhance disease resistance. The performance of breed improvement depends on the strengthening of nutrition and the cooperation of feeding means, which is the so-called excellent breed, nutritionally balanced feed and perfect feeding management, which are indispensable for the business of laying hens. For example, in the past, the breeding period of laying hens changed from 20 weeks of age to 18 weeks of age, which was entirely due to genetic improvement, enhanced nutrition and the cooperation of management techniques to shorten the breeding period of laying hens and improve the economic benefits of operators. In the first 12 weeks, the skeleton growth of laying hens reached more than 90%, and the skeleton no longer grew after 15 weeks of age, so it can be seen that the first 12 weeks of feeding is very important. The basic needs of laying hens should be provided at any time from the growing period to the laying period-feed, light, air, drinking water, space and sanitation. The deficiency of any demand is bound to have a negative impact on production performance. 1. Feeding and management of 12-week-old hens at the age of 12 weeks, since the bone development of 12-week-old hens reaches 90%, at this stage, in addition to weight gain, more attention should be paid to bone growth, so it is suggested that laying hens should be fed during the 12-week period to promote the full development of bones. (1) feeding and management of chicks. The chicken coop and incubator should be cleaned and thoroughly disinfected one week before entering the chick. two。 At the beginning of brooding, spread paper in the brood cage (the old paper bag can be taken apart for use), and the paper can be removed after 7 days. 3. The henhouse begins to be warmed one day before the chicken arrives, and the incubator needs to be adjusted to the temperature required for brooding (29m / 30 ℃). 4. The drinking fountain is placed next to the heat preservation source and 5% glucose or electrolytic multi-dimensional is added to the drinking water to prevent stress caused by male and female identification, Marek vaccination and long-distance transportation. 5. Feed: the chicks were given drinking water after arrival, and then fed 3 hours later, once every 4 hours and 8 times a day (a small number of times). On the first day, it is best to feed corncob or millet soaked in boiling water, mix the feed with water and feed with wet material within 3 days. 6. Heat preservation is based on the principle of chicken comfort. The activity of chickens is generally observed as the basis for temperature adjustment. If the temperature is too high, the chicken will leave the heat source, resulting in restlessness, wheezing, dehydration and weakness. The temperature is too low, the chicken squeezes a pile at the heat source to absorb the chirp constantly. Chicks stop heat preservation, should gradually reduce the temperature and time, can be reduced from noon to no heat preservation throughout the day. 7. Humidity: the relative humidity in the early stage of rearing should reach at least 65%. You can sprinkle water on the floor or put a water plate on the incubator to adjust the humidity. 8. Elimination: chicks have a high number of deaths in the first week, so managers should check them frequently and eliminate unhealthy chicks (such as white dysentery, lameness, weak chickens, etc.) to reduce the spread of disease. 9. Ventilation: during the heat preservation period, the house is often not ventilated, which is easy to induce Marek's disease, respiratory disease, and affect the growth and vitality of chickens. As for ventilation, we should strictly guard against thieves and, if necessary, adjust the heating system before opening the window to maintain the temperature in the incubator. (2) the method of mouth-cutting is an important work of laying hens and should be carried out cautiously. Excessive mouth-cutting will cause waste chicken, insufficient mouth-cutting will lead to anal pecking, hair-pecking, increased mortality and life-long feed waste. It is recommended that the hens cut their mouths at the age of 7-10 days. The reason is: 1. Suffered less stress. two。 It's easy to stop bleeding. 3. Save labor. There are two methods of implementation: 1. Burning and cutting mouth method: the burning device has a simple structure, similar to a welding torch, and can be operated by hand. The left hand holds the cauterizer in the right hand (the pore size is divided into 6 holes, and the chicken size can be used). After burning, the beak is not cut off, but a few days later, it gradually atrophies and falls off because of nerve and blood vessel burning. this method is simple, accurate, not easy to bleed, and does not affect the food and the development of chickens. two。 Cauterization cutting mouth method: this method is to directly cut off the beak of a chicken with a high temperature cutter, which is widely used at home and abroad. (3) move 1. During the growth of hens, due to the needs of feeding and management, it is necessary to move and expand the herd to prevent excessive density, and then move to the egg house at the age of about 16 weeks. two。 Mobile hens are easy to induce diseases due to changes in the environment and the stress of catching chickens. It is recommended to use them at night, because the chickens are not easy to alarm and easy to catch at night. 3. After moving, pay attention to windproof and heat preservation. 4. The henhouse should be cleaned and disinfected before moving. After moving the chicken, use the better weather and warm noon to carry out (iodine solution) spray disinfection. 5. Before and after 2 days of movement, add electrolytic multidimensional or antibiotics to feed or drinking water. (4) the nutrients required by the feeding hens vary with the growth stages, so the feed needs to be changed in time to ensure that 90% of the bone development of the hens is completed before the age of 12 weeks. During this period of breeding, the chicks have entered the breeding period of middle chickens and big chickens. Because the improved breed technology is smaller and the first birth period is earlier, there are also some changes in feeding and management. In order to make the hens reach the standard weight at the age of 18 weeks, it is recommended to use medium chicken feed until the first birth. It is necessary to complete two important tasks from the breeding period to the first parturition of the hen. one of them is to examine the body weight and skeleton development. The second is the vaccination program for the disease. (1) to examine the body weight and skeleton development in the breeding of hens, mainly to develop a group of healthy, strong and neat hens, which meet the standard goals of weight and bone development. The purpose is: 1. Increase the weight of eggs at birth. two。 A higher egg production peak. 3. Maintain a longer egg production peak. 1. Determination of body weight: the breeding of chickens should not only meet the standard body weight, but also focus on weight uniformity. After 4 weeks of age, the hens are measured every 2 weeks, in grams. The average weight of the chicken flock is above and below 10%, and the number of chickens is more than 80%, representing a group of neatly developed and well-developed chickens. two。 Measurement of skeleton development: from the age of 4 weeks, the skeleton development of the hen is measured every 2 weeks, generally measuring the length of the shin, from the sole of the foot to the ankle, in centimeters, at least 90% of the shank length should be 5% above and below the standard length. If the gap between the measurement result and the target weight and skeleton standard is too large, or if the uniformity is poor, the cause should be found out. Whether the mouth is poor, high density, overcooling or overheating, disease, internal and external parasite infection, undernutrition or uneven feeding, poor ventilation, etc. If the chicken is underweight, it should be nutritious until the weight reaches the standard. If you are overweight, you can reduce nutrition or implement a feed restriction program. (2) vaccination programs for diseases the occurrence of diseases is classified as infectious diseases (bacterial, viral, parasitic, fungal, etc.), and toxic diseases, or nutritional deficiencies, etc., and the occurrence of various diseases has its own unique symptoms. therefore, managers should observe the situation of chickens at any time, detect the occurrence of chicken diseases as soon as possible, and ask veterinarians to give appropriate diagnosis and treatment. 1. Symptoms of the disease (1) the amount of food in low spirits is reduced. (2) the chicken opened its mouth to breathe and made a strange sound (observed at night). (3) abnormal defecation. (4) the number of eggs decreased and that of shellless eggs increased. (laying period) (5) the number of chicken deaths increased abnormally. (6) the chicken stands unsteadily. (7) appearance eyelid edema, runny nose, chicken crown acne or atrophy or discoloration. two。 The vaccination program aims to vaccinate healthy chickens with specific antigens of specific viruses or bacteria to produce immune antibodies against foreign pathogens. As the epidemic situation varies from place to place, the designed plan should give priority to the local environment. Vaccination should be carried out at a healthy time when there is no stressor, such as climate change, transformation, disease occurrence and so on. 3. feeding and management of laying period the movement of hens from the breeding house to the laying house represents that a group of good quality hens will enter another new "production stage". Therefore, through the feeding and management of laying eggs, stimulate the highest egg production performance of hens, in order to achieve the economic benefits of breeding. At this time, a comfortable living environment should be provided to meet its physiological requirements, such as the basic requirements mentioned above, including feed, light, drinking water, space and sanitation. (1) transfer to the laying house 1. The hens reach the weight standard at the age of 16-18 weeks and are about to enter the first birth, when they can move into the egg house. two。 The laying house must be cleaned and disinfected before the hens move in. 3. Three days before and after migration, electrolytic multidimensional or antibiotics were added to drinking water or feed. 4. During migration, staff should be careful to avoid fractures and damage to the developing reproductive system. 5. When the body weight reaches the standard or the egg production reaches 1%, begin to feed the peak laying feed to prepare for the arrival of the first laying. (2) Illumination management plan 1. The influence of light will affect the following results: a. The age of first birth. b. Eggs weigh. c. Total egg weight. d. Mortality. e. Growth rate. f. Feed utilization rate. g. Behavior. two。 The principle of light the eyeball is irradiated by light, through the transmission of the optic nerve, acting on the endocrine glands (hypothalamus, anterior pituitary) secreting hormones (FSH follicle hormone, LH ovulation hormone) through the blood transmission, acting on the ovaries, follicles, promoting ovarian development and follicular ovulation. 3. Lighting method (1) A 40-watt light bulb is suitable for the area of 12M2. At present, the traditional open cage feeding chicken coop is 4 meters apart and 2 meters high from the ground, and a 40-watt light bulb can be installed to achieve the lighting effect. (2) during the breeding period, the maximum sunshine time is taken as the fixed sunshine time, and if the sunshine time is not enough, it is made up artificially. It is not until the hen reaches the standard birth weight that the sunshine time begins to increase gradually. Increase 15 min / week by 30 min / week until 16 hours (sunshine + light). If the chicken population is not uniform or has prolific double yellow eggs and prolapse of anus, the light time should be increased slowly by 15 min / week. (3) during the laying period, the light time can be gradually increased or kept unchanged, but the light time can not be reduced. (4) damaged bulbs should be replaced and cleaned at any time to maintain the illuminance of the bulbs. (3) during the period of elimination of egg laying, managers shall eliminate diseased chickens or oligo-laying chickens that consume feed but do not lay eggs. The amount of feed consumed by unproduced laying hens is about 75% of that of laying hens. If the average feed is 2 yuan per kilogram, each unproduced laying hen will waste more than 4.5 yuan per month in feed fee, so eliminating these unproductive laying hens from the flock will save a considerable amount of money. 1. Characteristics (1) the crown of a chicken is atrophied, dried up or discolored, weak and sick. (2) the yellow staining degree of the beak, shank and anal area of the chicken was deeper than that of the productive chicken. (3) the cloaca of chicken is tight and the width of pubic bone is narrow (the width of pubic septum is about 3 fingers and the septum from pubis to sternum is about 4 fingers). two。 Economic benefits (1) layers continue to consume feed when there is no production or low yield due to disease, and these laying hens may produce poor quality eggs. (2) the elimination of these laying hens will help to control and reduce the spread of disease. Ghosts added the following information at 14:36 on 2009-12-18. Only people look at it, but no one can support it? -extraordinary material yooboo supplemented the following contents at 14:40 of 2009-12-18 14:40. The breed improvement technology of laying hens has made breakthroughs in many aspects. The trend of layer breed improvement is to advance the sexual maturity of hens and improve them into smaller body size and higher production. The ghost was published at 14:09 on 2009-12-18. You are too handsome to say anything. I will refine you when I am the moderator.