Feed matching and feeding techniques of Tilapia

Nutritional requirements of tilapia

Different species of tilapia have different nutritional requirements at different growth stages. The optimum protein requirements of Nile tilapia larvae are 35% 40%, 20% 25%, 36%, 26%, 36%, 35%, 40%, 20%, 25%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 36 The content of fat in feed is 4%-6%, the range of cellulose content is 5%-20%, the requirement of mixing inorganic salt in feed is 3%-5%, and the suitable range for phosphorus is 0.54%-1.14%. Under the condition of pond culture, tilapia can meet the needs of vitamins by eating natural bait. In intensive culture, the amount of vitamins added is about half of that of carp, and it can also play the same role by adding vitamins combined with green feed.

1. Bran bran

Rice bran is commonly used in the south and wheat bran is used in the north.

2. Cruller class

Oil meal is a good feed for fish. In the north, soybean meal, flax meal and sunflower meal are widely used, while in the south, rapeseed cake, cottonseed meal, sesame cake and peanut bran are used. The protein content of cake is high, but it also contains toxic factors which are not conducive to the growth of fish. If soybean meal contains urease and antitrypsin, it is better to heat mature cake when using it. Flax and rapeseed meal also have toxic factors such as sinapside, free gossypol and so on. When in use, several kinds of cakes should be combined with bran to reduce the amount of single variety. It is worth noting that when the amount of cotton cake in the feed formula reaches 50%, it will have an effect on the reproduction of tilapia.

3. Aquatic and terrestrial plant feed

Among the aquatic and terrestrial plants, Wuping, duckweed and purple-backed duckweed are the favorite fodder for the seedling and adult stage of tilapia. Water hyacinth, water hyacinth, water peanut and other aquatic plants are chopped, or beaten and fed or mixed with formula feed, which are also good feed for tilapia. The larvae and adults of tilapia can ingest and digest microcystis, cyanobacteria and other algae in the pond.

4. Dregs and cereal feed

Dregs can also be used as feed for tilapia. Grain grain feed had better be fed in the form of malt and grain malt. The malt and grain malt referred to here refer to those who have just seen water sprouting but not sprouting, which can be used as feed and are excellent supplements of bioactive substances such as vitamins and hormones.

5. Animal feed

It is mainly used as the raw material of formula feed and should not be fed to fish alone. The main characteristic of animal feed such as fish meal, blood meal, meat and bone meal is that the protein content is generally higher than that of oil meal, which is not only easy to digest, but also rich in lysine lacking in plant feed.

6. Compound feed

Compound feed of tilapia

At present, the production and application of compound feed of tilapia in China has been very common. The feed formula can be composed of a variety of raw materials according to the local feed sources, according to the nutritional needs of tilapia and the nutritional composition of feed raw materials. In the feed formula of tilapia, whether it is used for pond culture or intensive culture, the addition of mineral salt in the formula is very important. For pond culture, vitamin mixtures can not be added, tilapia can be obtained through extensive intake of natural bait, while for intensive cage culture and warm water culture, mineral salts must be added.

What is the artificial formula feed for tilapia?

At present, there are two kinds of artificial compound feed forms of tilapia in China, one is ordinary pellet, the other is expanded feed. In the production of common pellets, the feed quenching and tempering temperature should be controlled between 80 and 95 ℃. The feed is fully quenched and tempered, the gelatinization degree is good, the stable time in water is long, and the feed shape is smooth and beautiful. When producing tilapia puffing material, the ultra-fine crushing process is adopted, and more than 80% of the tilapia material passes the 80 mesh sieve. The tilapia material produced has beautiful appearance, less wear to the extruder and prolongs its service life. Whether it is ordinary granular material or expanded material, its particle size is basically between 1.5 and 5.0 mm. However, the classification of feed application period is different, including fry, fish fry, adult fish feed, fish flower, larva, young fish, middle adult fish feed, and some are classified according to the size of fish weight. The price of general expanded material is higher than that of ordinary granular material, but the culture effect of expanded material is better than that of ordinary granular material, and the culture benefit is outstanding.

Feed for tilapia

Feed feeding-fixed point, timing, quality and quantity