Soilless cultivation techniques of Tomato

If you can create facilities for soilless cultivation, you can plant them. Here are the techniques for soilless cultivation of tomatoes:

1. Facility conditions: soilless cultivation is carried out in the existing solar energy-saving greenhouse, and soilless cultivation system is installed in the greenhouse, including cultivation trough, irrigation facilities and cultivation substrate.

1. Cultivation trough: the north side of the greenhouse is 80 cm for the street, and the south side is 30 cm. The cultivation trough is built with bricks in the north-south direction, the inner diameter is 48 cm wide, the frame of the groove is 24 cm high, the bricks should be laid flat, and the slot distance is 72 cm. The base of the trough is covered with a 0.1 mm thick plastic film, the edge of the film is pressed with the top brick, the film is covered with 3 cm thick clean river sand, the sand is covered with a woven bag, and the bag is filled with cultivation substrate.

2. Irrigation facilities: a tap water facility or a reservoir with a water level difference of 1.5 meters is used to build an independent irrigation system in a single greenhouse. Plastic pipes can be used in the main pipe in the shed and the drip irrigation belt in the cultivation trough. There are 1-2 drip irrigation belts in the trough and covered with a narrow plastic film 0.1 mm thick.

3. Cultivation substrate: the organic substrate can use corn straw, mushroom residue, sawdust, etc., and the inorganic substrate is sand or slag. The ratio of coal gangue, sawdust and corn straw is 1 ∶ 2 ∶ 2. Pile the matrix 25 cm thick 15 days before use, spray wet cover film to disinfect and sterilize, then add 2 kg of organic soilless cultivation special fertilizer and 10 kg of disinfected chicken manure to every square meter of substrate, and then fill the trough after mixing. The substrate was disinfected after each crop was harvested.

Second, soilless seedlings: soaking seeds to promote germination of varieties with low temperature tolerance, weak light, high yield and strong disease resistance, and most of the seeds can be sowed after exposure to white. The artificial soilless hole plate method was used to raise seedlings. According to the ratio of peat: vermiculite at 3:1, add 5kg of sterilized chicken manure and 0.5kg vermiculite compound fertilizer to the substrate, mix well and fill in a 72-hole suction plate, one for each hole, covered with vermiculite 1cm, and the bottom of the plate is separated from the soil with plastic film. The temperature was 25-30 ℃ before emergence, 20-25 ℃ during the day and 10-15 ℃ at night after emergence. The seedling plate should be kept moist, and 3-4 true leaves can be planted for about 30 days.

Third, planting: before planting, the substrate is turned evenly and leveled, about immersed into the cultivation trough, so that the substrate fully absorbs water, and after water infiltration, the substrate is slightly higher than Miaotuo, the plant spacing is 30 cm, 3000 plants are planted per mu, and small water is poured after planting.

4. Cultivation management:

1. Fertilizer and water management: start topdressing after 20 days of planting, and then apply fertilizer every 10 days, 10-15 grams per plant and 25 grams per plant 7 days after fruit. fertilizer should be evenly sprinkled 5 cm away from the root, which can infiltrate into the substrate with water. Carbon dioxide gas fertilizer can also be applied in the shed. Generally, water is watered every 5 days after planting.

2. Temperature and light management: after planting, the temperature was 22-25 ℃ in daytime and 10-15 ℃ at night. After fruit setting, it is 25-28 ℃ in daytime and 12 ℃ at night. In severe winter, the greenhouse temperature can reach 30 ℃ for a short time, but there is no strong wind. After the severe winter, return to normal temperature management.

3. Hanging vine and pruning: 6-7 leaves are hung with polypropylene plastic rope, the upper part of the rope is fixed on the wire of the scaffolding, and the lower part is tied on the stem base. The stem vine and the rope are wound around each other to keep growing upright. When pruning, only the growth of the main axis is retained, the lateral branches in all leaf axils are removed, and the lateral branches are branched when they are 10-15 cm.

4. Flower and fruit protection and fruit thinning: in the morning, dip 10 parts per million to 15 parts per million 2meme 4murD solution in flowers to increase the fruit setting rate. In order to ensure the large and high quality of fruit, 3-4 fruits were left in each plant, and the rest of the flowers and fruits were removed in time.

The above is for reference only.