How to increase the yield of pomegranate? High-yield cultivation techniques of pomegranate

How to improve the yield of pomegranate must be one of the primary concerns of every pomegranate grower. Pomegranate tastes sweet, sour and warm, and has the effects of insecticidal, astringent, astringent bowel and stopping dysentery, which is one of the common fruits in our lives. Next, the editor will briefly talk about the high-yield cultivation techniques of pomegranate. I hope it can be helpful to everyone.

1 Garden site selection

Pomegranate prefers light, but too strong light will produce sunburn fruit, so the following three points should be considered when selecting garden: average annual temperature 16-20 ℃, annual accumulated temperature 4400-6300 ℃, annual rainfall 700-1000 nun, annual sunshine hours 2000-2,400 h, garden in places with plenty of sunshine; selected plots should have certain irrigation conditions. Choose no pollution sources, convenient transportation, deep and fertile flat land, gentle slope land, mountainous area, drainage and irrigation and good permeability of light drilling soil, loam planting, pH 6-8.

2. Variety selection

The selection of varieties is to obtain premature, high-yield, high-quality varieties, such as sweet green seeds, sweet light, thick-skinned sweet sand seeds, sour green seeds and so on.

3. Planting

Nutrient bag seedlings can be planted all the year round, and non-nutrition bag seedlings have better seed value in autumn and winter. Before planting, the planting ponds should be dug according to the selected plant row spacing, and each pond should apply 1 kg of calcium and 25-50 kg of mature farm manure. First mix the rotten farm manure and calcium, then mix it well with the topsoil, fill it into the pond and then backfill the bottom soil. When planting, put the seedlings in the pond and gently lift the seedlings while filling the soil, so that the roots are tightly combined with the soil and watered thoroughly, and the tree plate is covered with film or straw. The row distance between sweet green seed and sweet green seed is 3m × 4m, and that of thick-skinned sweet sand seed and sour green seed is 4m × 5m.

4. Soil, fertilizer and water management

4.1 soil management

Intercropping: intercropping: young orchards can interplant vegetables and green manure, and mature orchards can interplant vegetables after fruit harvest; tree disk mulching: deciduous leaves, weeds, orange stalks, green manure, plastic film, etc. Any kind of mulching tree plate can prevent soil moisture evaporation, help root growth and reduce watering times.

4.2. Fertilizer and water management

From October to December, the young trees dug a circular ditch at 40-50 cm from the trunk to apply mature farm manure 10-12 kg/ plants, and in the following spring, 50-100 g / tree was applied with compound fertilizer at 40-50 cm away from the trunk. As a result, 50-100 kg/ plants and common calcium 2kg/ plants were applied with base fertilizer from October to December. Topdressing 3-4 times a year, the first time before the budding of fruit trees (2-3 months), the application of compound fertilizer 1kg/ or ammonium carbonate mixed with 2-3 kg/ plants, and the second application of 0.5-1.0 kg/ plants of ferric phosphate, 0.5 kg/ plants of potassium sulfate or 1.0-1.5 kg/ plants in the young fruit stage (April-May). The third time in the middle of June, the application of compound fertilizer 1.0-1.5 kg/ plant, the fourth time at the end of July, early-maturing varieties can not be applied, late-maturing varieties applied compound fertilizer lkg/ plant. Pomegranate trees should be watered thoroughly when sprouting, a small amount of water should be watered many times before the rainy season, generally every 10-15 days; flood irrigation is not suitable for flowering, and timely watering should be done if long-term drought occurs, but the amount of water should not be too much.

5. Shaping and pruning

Pomegranate trees are common high-yield trees: single trunk evacuation hierarchical shape, three trunk happy shape, single trunk three main branch shape, and then the editor introduces the single trunk evacuation hierarchical shape in detail.

5.1 Young trees

In the first year after planting, the stem was truncated at 80 cm of the upright trunk, and the cut buds grew upright when sprouting in spring, and the excess germinating branches were cut off, and the height of the trunk was about 50 cm. In the winter of the following year, the central branch growing erect was cut at 80 cm from the first main branch. In the third year after planting, 2 branches were selected as the third layer main branch according to the method of the second year.

5.2 Fruit trees

Pomegranate tree pruning in full fruit period mainly uses the methods of brace, pull, hanging, shearing, twisting, kneading, ring peeling and so on, so that it does not affect the left and right, does not overlap up and down, the branches shine, and the fruit is sunny. One is winter pruning, cutting off useless branches such as disease and insect branches, thin and weak branches, and overgrown branches, and the other is pruning in the growing season, with hollow robust spring shoots in the middle and lower part of the main branch that grow to 20-30 cm. The useless buds should be erased in time throughout the growing season, and the useless shoots and branches that will scratch the fruit should be cut off, but the new shoots that have shade and protective effect on the fruit should be properly selected to avoid producing "sunfruits".

6. Flower and fruit management

Suitable flower and fruit management technology is the guarantee of high yield, stable yield and high quality of pomegranate trees in successive years. There are mainly five points in flower and fruit management: first, strengthen fertilizer and water management, enhance tree potential, and increase the proportion of normal flowers; second, for ten exuberant pomegranate trees, the contradiction between branch growth and fruit should be adjusted by cutting roots, coring, twisting branches, taking branches, pulling branches and so on. The third is to manually remove the empty flowers, retract the branches of the degraded flowers to a strong place, cut off the useless new branches in the crown, and increase the fruit-setting rate; fourth, spray 0.2% rain 0.3% borax or amino acid foliar fertilizer 500-600 times during the flowering period, and spray 0.2% UV 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and other foliar fertilizer at the young fruit stage; fifth, according to the principle from top to bottom and from the inside to the outside, remove diseases and insect fruits, deformed fruits, pedicel fruits and excess fruits.

7. Pest control

Pomegranate main diseases and insect pests: dry rot, brown spot, Fusarium wilt, orange small fruit fly, cotton bollworm, aphids, durian powder Jiao, leopard wood moth, hemp skin curl locust, thrips and so on.

Disease control measures: clear the garden in winter with Bordeaux liquid or stone-sulfur mixture; burn diseased fruits and leaves on the ground; reasonably close planting, strengthen fertilizer and water management, and enhance tree potential; dry rot is controlled with 75% chlorothalonil 600-800 times or 80% Dasheng 600-800 times; Brown spot is controlled with 10% Shigao 1500 times or 50% Sclerotinia 600-800 times.

Pest control measures: combined with clearing the garden to remove the overwintering places of pests; hanging yellow boards to trap and kill oriental fruit flies with chemotaxis; selecting insecticides such as Lesben, Pilia, quick culling, Laifuling, methamphetamine and other insecticides for chemical control.

8. Harvest

When the pomegranate pericarp is light yellow or white, the fruit surface is red and glossy, and the seed pull is pink or red, it can be harvested, and the picked fruit should be handled gently. The picked fruit is graded according to different varieties, fruit size, skin smoothness and so on.