Cultivation Techniques of Pleurotus ostreatus

I. Environmental conditions for growth and development

① nutrition. There are many nutrients available for Pleurotus ostreatus, including woody plant residues and fibrous plant residues. In artificial cultivation, the yield of waste cotton, cottonseed hull, corncob, cotton stalk and soybean straw is higher, and other agricultural and forestry wastes can also be used, such as sawdust, rice straw, wheat straw, corncob and so on.

② temperature. The mycelial growth temperature range and suitable temperature of different mycelium growth species are not the same. Most species and varieties can grow at 5: 35 ℃, and 20: 30 ℃ is the common suitable temperature range for their growth. The optimum growth temperature of low and medium-low temperature varieties is 24-26 ℃, that of medium-high temperature and wide-temperature varieties is about 28 ℃, and that of Pleurotus ostreatus is 25-27 ℃.

Fruiting body formation and growth as mentioned above, according to the forming temperature of Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting body, the varieties can be divided into several temperature types. Except for the special species of high temperature type, most species can produce mushrooms within 10-20 ℃. In the suitable temperature range, the higher the temperature is, the faster the fruiting body grows, the thinner the cap is, and the lighter the color is.

③ humidity. The optimum water content of the substrate for mycelium growth is 60%-65%. When the water content of the substrate is insufficient, the emergence of bacteria is slow, and the emergence of mushroom is delayed after the completion of the bacteria. In raw material cultivation, when the water content of the substrate is too high, the air permeability is poor, the mycelium grows slowly, and it is easy to breed anaerobic bacteria or mold. The optimum mushroom emergence period is 70%-75%, and the fruiting body grows rapidly and thrives when the atmospheric relative humidity is 85%-95%. The cap is easy to dry edge or crack when the relative humidity is less than 80%, and rotten mushrooms are easy to occur when it exceeds 95% for a long time. In the cultivation of raw materials, the methods of drying bacteria and replenishing water during the mushroom emergence period are often adopted to ensure that the fungus is not infected by mold and that there is enough water to supply the mushroom during the mushroom emergence period.

④ air. Pleurotus ostreatus is an aerobic fungus, the mycelium can grow normally under the plastic film cover, and can also grow normally in the strain bottle sealed with plastic film. Under a certain concentration of carbon dioxide, the mycelium grew better than the normal content of carbon dioxide in the natural air. That is to say, a certain concentration of carbon monoxide can stimulate the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium, but the formation, differentiation and development of fruiting body need sufficient oxygen, and carbon dioxide is harmful to its growth and development. When the oxygen is insufficient and the concentration of carbon dioxide is too high, it is not easy to form fruiting bodies, or the primordia of fruiting bodies are not differentiated, or secondary differentiation occurs, or deformed mushrooms with big feet and small lids.

⑤ light. The growth of mycelium of Pleurotus ostreatus does not need light, but light inhibits the growth of mycelium. Therefore, a dark or low light environment should be given during the germicidal period. However, the occurrence or growth of fruiting bodies requires light, especially the formation of fruiting body primordia. In addition, the light intensity also affects the color of the fruiting body and the length of the handle. In contrast, under strong light conditions, the fruit body has darker color, short stalk, thick meat and good quality; when the light is insufficient, the fruit body has lighter color, longer stalk, thin meat and poor quality. Therefore, attention should be paid to giving proper light in cultivation.

⑥ pH (pH value). The mycelium of Pleurotus ostreatus can grow in the range of pH 3.5-9.0, and the suitable pH value is 5.4-7.5. In cultivation, after the mixture of natural culture material and natural water, the pH of the substrate is mostly between 6.0 and 7.5, which is suitable for the mycelium growth of Pleurotus ostreatus. However, in practical cultivation, quicklime is often added to increase the pH value to 7.5-8.5 in order to inhibit mold and growth and ensure the occurrence of bacteria.

⑦ others. The fruiting body of Pleurotus ostreatus is sensitive to carbon monoxide, sulfide, acetylene and other bad gases in the air during its growth and development. When the concentration of these substances in the air is high, the fruiting body stagnates, deforms and even wilts. In addition, it is also allergic to dichlorvos. After using dichlorvos to kill insects in mushroom houses, the fruiting body will roll upwards to form "chicken claw mushrooms". Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus at present there are many methods to cultivate Pleurotus ostreatus in our country. There are indoor bed planting, intercropping of corn or soybean and Pleurotus ostreatus, plastic greenhouse cultivation and so on.

Indoor bed planting

1. Mushroom house construction: the existing empty houses, basements, etc., can be transformed into mushroom houses. New mushroom houses can also be built if conditions permit. The mushroom house should sit north to south and be located in a place with high terrain, close to water sources and convenient drainage. The suitable size of mushroom room is 20 square meters of cultivated area. The roof and walls should be thick, and the arrangement of doors and windows should be reasonable, which is conducive to heat preservation, moisturizing, ventilation and light transmission. The interior wall and floor had better be painted with lime and polished with cement for disinfection. In addition, a simple mushroom house can be built, that is, a semi-underground mushroom house with 1.5 li 2.0 meters from the ground down. In order to make full use of the space of the mushroom room, a bed frame can be set up in the mushroom room for cultivation. The bedstead is arranged north and south, do not lean against the wall for four weeks, leave the aisle 60 cm wide between the bedstead. The distance between the upper and lower beds is 50 cm, and the lower layer is 20 cm from the ground. Take the upper layer and do not exceed the window, so as not to affect the lighting. The width of the bed is not more than 1 meter, which is easy to manage. Cover the bed with wood, bamboo or straw curtains, etc.