Breed selection, feeding and management techniques of turkey breeding

Because of its large size, turkey brings difficulties to marketing, so the national market stock is small and the development is expected to be slow, but as a new food source, the development prospect is promising. The breeding and management techniques of turkeys are as follows:

1. Turkey breed selection

⑴ bronze turkey: native to America and named for its bronze plumage. It lays about 60 eggs a year, and the female turkey weighs 8 kilograms and the male turkey 16 kilograms. This variety has been introduced into our country for too long and has been degraded seriously at present.

⑵ Nikolai turkey: selected by the American Nikolai Turkey breeding Company. The maximum weight of an adult rooster is 25 kg, and that of a female turkey is about 12 kg. It lays 60-80 eggs a year and has pure white feathers. This kind of turkey has a wide difference in weight between male and female, and the natural mating and fertilization rate is poor, so it is suitable for intensive factory breeding to carry out artificial insemination.

⑶ Bettina turkey: originated in Mexico and later bred and domesticated by the French Betina Turkey breeding Company, it has become the only breed in the world that can be raised both in grazing and barn. This kind of turkey has the advantages of rough feeding, fast weight gain, high feed reward and strong disease resistance. it lays 90-120 eggs a year, and the weight of male turkey is about 10 kg and that of female turkey is about 5 kg. This kind of turkey has high natural mating and fertilization rate and strong self-hatching ability, which is not only suitable for small and medium-sized turkey farms, but also suitable for rural professional households and farmers. It is an ideal breed.

2. Construction of standard chicken coop

⑴ site selection: small-scale production and family breeding can be adapted to local conditions, while large-scale production, turkey farm location is very important. The land use plan should be made according to the production capacity, and the high-dry, flat and north-to-south place should be selected to build the field, and the matching of sports field and forage farmland should be planned at the same time. There should be no cities, villages, factories and other pollution sources within one kilometer around the chicken farm, and the air quality should meet the requirements of GB3095 standards.

The architectural layout of ⑵ turkey farm: the architectural layout of turkey farm needs a complete system, which is mainly divided into managers' living area, breeding chicken farm, hatchery and commercial chicken production base. All entry personnel and vehicles should be strictly disinfected, and the environment in the turkey house should meet the requirements of NY/T388.

3. Breeding and management of turkeys

Matters needing attention in the introduction of ⑴ turkey: the turkey should come from a breeding turkey farm that has a "production and operation license for breeding livestock and poultry" and is free of pullorum, Newcastle disease, avian influenza, mycoplasma and leukemia.

⑵ forage matching: planting forage is the focus of the whole turkey feeding work. Turkeys like to eat a wide range of green feed, weeds, vegetables, leaves, water peanuts, sweet potato vines, peanut seedlings and planted forage ryegrass, chicory, aggregate grass, Rumex are good feed for turkeys. Keep it fresh and clean when feeding, prevent mildew and deterioration, and ensure no pollution and non-toxicity. Forage and crop straw can also be dried and crushed with cake and bran wheat reasonably, which can not only ensure the quality but also reduce the cost, and can achieve the purpose of improving the quality of chickens.

Reasonable collocation of ⑶ pollution-free feed: feed quality should meet the requirements of NY5037. Veterinary drug additives should meet the requirements of NY5035. Chicken seedling feed formula: corn 50%, soybean meal 28%, fish meal 12%, wheat 4%, rice 5%, yeast 0.2%, bone meal 0.5%, salt 0.3%. A variety of vitamins and trace elements are used according to the product instructions, and an appropriate amount is matched with leeks, garlic, onions and so on. Take the concentrate mainly, the green material as the auxiliary. Commercial chicken feed formula: corn 50%, wheat 15%, soybean meal 15%, rice 15%, fish meal 3%, bone meal 1%, yeast 1%, salt 0.3%. Multi-dimensional and trace elements for poultry are added according to the product description. Green feed is the main feed, supplemented by concentrate feed.

⑷ to prevent feed mildew: due to more Rain Water in summer, high humidity, concentrate feed is easy to mildew, resulting in turkey mold poisoning. Therefore, managers should be responsible for drying feed in sunny weather, banning moldy feed and putting an end to poisoning incidents. When using materials, they should be quantified regularly and added less frequently. Usually pay attention to group management, proper exercise, keep quiet, pay attention to hygiene.

⑸ epidemic control: in order to control the occurrence of turkey epidemic, scientific management must be carried out, the policy of giving priority to prevention must be adhered to, the health condition of chickens must be checked frequently, comprehensive preventive measures should be taken, the national standards should be strictly implemented in the choice of drugs for prevention and control, the residual pollution of harmful substances should be put an end to, and the safety of turkey meat and its products should be ensured.